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標題: | 以事件相關電位看句法處理側化、半腦間互動關係以及語言能力的相互關係 Linking Lateralized Syntactic Processing, Interhemispheric Communication, and Language Performance — An Event-Related potential study |
作者: | Chih Yeh 葉遲 |
指導教授: | 李佳霖(Chia-Lin Lee) |
關鍵字: | 半腦間抑制關係,半腦間協作關係,句法處理,分視野實驗,統計學習, interhemispheric inhibition,interhemispheric coordination,hemispheric difference,syntactic processing,statistical learning, |
出版年 : | 2018 |
學位: | 碩士 |
摘要: | 先前的研究在慣用右手且沒有左利手家族史(FS-)的年輕人身上發現左側化的句法處理訊號,然而在同樣是慣用右手但有左利手家族史(FS+)的年輕人身上發現了雙側化的句法處理反應。從這些結果可以推論到其實右腦(RH)也具備處理句法衝突的能力,只是這種能力極可能被左腦所遮蔽掉了。
本篇研究延伸探討此議題,使用事件相關電位(Event-Related Potential, ERP)技術,收集了32位慣用右手且沒有左利家族史(FS-)的年輕人的腦波,檢驗他們在處理母語即非母語的句法衝突時之大腦反應,以及他們左右半腦之間的關係。本研究共包含了四個實驗,實驗一跟二為腦波實驗,實驗三跟實驗四則為行為實驗。實驗一使用分視野實驗方法(divided-visual field paradigm),分別檢驗受試者左腦與右腦處理中文詞類訊息衝突的歷程。實驗二則是請這同一批的受試者學習人造語言中的結構規律,接著使用雙耳分聽的作業方式(monaurally presented),分別檢驗左右腦對於該語言的句法衝突之大腦反應。實驗三是雙側旁側抑制作業(bilateral flanker task),在實驗過程中,螢幕上的左右視野會同時出現方向一致或不一致的兩個箭頭,受試者需要注意其中一側的箭頭指向,並按鍵ea回報,在此過程中,我們可以藉由反應速度跟回答準確率進而得知受試者對於抑制另外半腦干擾訊息的能力,本實驗中我們會著重在左腦對右腦的抑制能力。最後,實驗四是語意配對實驗(word-matching task),在實驗過程中,螢幕上會出現單側呈現或雙側呈現的兩個中文單字,受試者閱讀後,按鍵回報,判斷此二字的語意關聯與否,同樣是透過回答的準確率以及反應速度,來了解受試者的左右半腦之間的溝通協作能力。 實驗一的結果與先前的實驗結果一致,顯示中文母語者在處理母語句法處理歷程是側化到左腦,相關分析的結果發現在處理母語時,右腦的句法反應越小,左腦對右腦的抑制能力也越強。而實驗二的結果非常的兩極,我們依據學習成績的平均數將受試者分成高分組及低分組。高分組的受試者大腦反應與實驗一的結果一致,顯示左側化的句法處理,然而低分組的大腦反應卻是顯示左腦跟右腦都有句法處理的反應。藉由相關分析進一步發現人工語言的左側化程度跟左右半腦之間的合作能力有關,合作能力越好,人工語言處理也越左側化。綜觀以上實驗的結果,我們發現句法處理的側化可能會受到不同因素的影響,包含半腦間的關係,還有語言的精熟程度。 Prior studies have found reliable structural-based syntactic processing (indexed by the P600 responses) in the left hemispheres (LH) in young right-handers without familial sinistrality (FS-) but bilaterally in FS+ young adults, leading to the hypothesis that the right hemisphere (RH) is capable of structural analysis. RH P600 responses are usually masked via inter-hemispheric suppression; however, little is known about factors modulating such suppression and whether the RH of left-lateralized individuals can still acquire P600 responses. To unravel the puzzles, 32 young right-handed FS- Chinese speakers underwent two Event-Related Potential (ERP) sessions and two behavioral experiments. In ERP session one, participants viewed and judged the grammaticality of Chinese phrases containing a centrally-presented one-word syntactic cue (adverb/classifier) followed by a laterally-presented verb or noun, matching or mismatching the syntactic expectancy. In ERP session two, the participants learned a monaurally presented artificial language (AL) and judged the grammaticality of another set of strings after training. In the behavioral session, participants’ abilities of inter-hemispheric inhibition and coordination were examined. In the first behavioral experiment (bilateral flanker task), participants attended to and judged the direction of a horizontal arrow presented in a pre-specified visual field (VF), with another arrow or a square appeared simultaneously in the non-attended VF to form congruent/incongruent or neutral conditions. Last but not least, in the Word-matching task, participants were asked to judge the semantic relatedness of two Chinese characters that either in unilateral or in bilateral presentation. The results from native language processing showed a reliable P600 grammaticality effect only in the LH, replicating prior research. Further analysis supported the link between left-lateralized P600 and inter-hemispheric inhibition by revealing a correlation between the magnitude of RH P600 responses and LH-on-RH inhibition, with smaller RH P600 associated with more effective inhibition. Interestingly, data from AL processing showed bilateral P600 grammaticality effects. A mean-split based on the accuracy of grammaticality judgment in the AL session showed that P600 effects were lateralized to the LH in high performers but bilaterally present in low performers while both groups showed a left-lateralized P600 effect during native grammar processing. Last but not least, the correlational results also revealed that the leftward lateralization of AL syntactic processing was associated with better ability of the inter-hemispheric coordination. Together, these findings suggest that language lateralization may be jointly determined by multiple modulating factors, including inter-hemispheric interactions and language proficiency. |
URI: | http://tdr.lib.ntu.edu.tw/jspui/handle/123456789/71889 |
DOI: | 10.6342/NTU201804152 |
全文授權: | 有償授權 |
顯示於系所單位: | 語言學研究所 |
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