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標題: | 當代台灣棒球迷認同的差異與變遷 The Changing identities of baseball fans in Contemporary Taiwan |
作者: | Yu-Chien Lee 李侑謙 |
指導教授: | 黃克先(Ke-Hsien Huang) |
關鍵字: | 棒球迷,社會化,世代,陽剛氣質,媒介管道,商業化, baseball fan,socialization,cohort,masculinity,media,commercialization, |
出版年 : | 2018 |
學位: | 碩士 |
摘要: | 棒球運動在台灣一直是最受歡迎的運動之一,台灣的棒球迷則是其中重要的行動者,其一舉一動構成了棒球迷文化。本文將標示台灣的政府與經濟組織的行動而產生的政治社會與棒球運動的鉅觀變遷,再從社會化的分析角度出發,探究在鉅觀變遷下,台灣棒球迷的實作與認同的形成的微觀過程。而此過程是在台灣的政府與經濟組織的行動而產生的政治社會變遷中進行。本文提出下列幾個問題:台灣的棒球迷社會化的機制為何?哪些棒球迷會有特定觀看棒球的習慣?台灣的政治社會與媒介的變遷,如何影響棒球迷的棒球實作與認同?棒球迷的認同既源自於個人認知,也與外在環境的影響有關,因此本文的資料以訪談為主、檔案與新聞資料為輔,試圖回應上述問題。
本研究的主要發現如下:(1)正式體育教育中,棒球運動相關的課程比重不高;在非正式的管道中,因為缺乏足夠的場地以及社會大眾對於棒球運動安全的疑慮,台灣的棒球迷不被鼓勵直接參與,主要是在重要他人的支持下,透過觀看比賽來認識棒球運動。(2)政治與媒介變遷,使得職棒產業出現、媒體管道與內容日趨多元,讓不同世代的棒球迷形成不同的媒介使用與看球習慣。成長於不同的政治背景,讓他們對國家隊的重要性與解決問題的方案看法也不同(3)以男性為主的棒球迷社群,其文化具備陽剛氣質。女性在接觸棒球的過程中面臨較少同儕支持、不被鼓勵參與棒球運動等處境。她們遠離主流的棒球迷文化,並從女性性別認同的角度認識棒球。(4)職棒球團收回場邊加油的主導權、引進女啦啦隊員,將場邊棒球迷的實作從集體合作轉化為個人的感受與認同,並且強化了棒球運動男性為主、女性位處邊緣的權力關係。主流棒球迷文化的陽剛氣質雖然因為追逐女啦啦隊員的行為而受到挑戰,但男球迷可以將此行為連結到自己的男性性別認同,女球迷卻難以回應對男球員的愛慕是基於球迷或是情慾對象的指控。兩者面對的相異處境,再次證明女性在棒球(迷)文化中的邊緣位置。 Baseball has been one of the most popular sports in Taiwan for a long time. Baseball fans are important actors in baseball field in Taiwan, and their actions constitute baseball fan cultures. In this thesis, I argue that the actions of governments and business organizations caused the macro transitions of the society and the baseball field in Taiwan. I also argue that, by analyzing the influences of the macro transitions of the society, we could know how the practices and identities of baseball fans formed in Taiwan. This thesis asks the following questions: what are the socializing mechanisms of baseball fans in Taiwan? What kinds of baseball fans would have specific habits of watching baseball game? For identities of baseball fans come from personal cognition and are also related to the influences of environments, I interviewed baseball fans to know their thoughts and analyzed archives and news reports to capture the influences of the environments. I find that practices of playing baseball have been continually placed in the marginal position in Taiwan society. Physical education system has little baseball classes. In addition, because people could only play baseball in multi-sports fields without special designs for baseball, the public regards playing baseball as dangerous and does not encourage others to do that. Therefore, baseball fans in Taiwan get familiar with baseball through watching games with significant others rather than playing it. However, fans in different generations might have different experiences of watching baseball games. The industries of the professional baseball were built in 1990s and the forms and contents of medium were changing during that time. Therefore, the information and ideology of baseball issues that fans got have kept changing. With these changes, fans form different habits of using medium and concerns of baseball game; they also form diverse attitudes on the importance of the national baseball team and the solutions of the controversies of conscriptions of the national team. Attitudes and identities of baseball fans are not only influenced by their generations, but also by their genders. I argue that males are the main components in fans communities. This demographical characteristic reveals the masculinity of the mainstream baseball fan culture. Contrast to their counterparts, female fans don’t get the same supports through their socializing processes and are not encouraged to play baseball. Therefore, female fans do not get involved in the mainstream (masculine) baseball fan cultures; nor do they form the mainstream fan identity. Instead, they take female gender identities as a reference when they try to build the fan identities. These gendered baseball fan cultures and practices are mobilized by the professional baseball industries. Professional team managers arrange new cheering forms such as female cheerleaders and team-controlled cheering song. These changes in one hand transform fans’ experiences from collective corporation to individualized feelings and identities. In the other hand, they consolidate the power relations in the baseball field— that males play the main roles and females are positioned in the marginal place. Although some new cheering ways challenge the masculinity in baseball fan cultures, male fans could easily deal with the identity crisis: they claim that their actions of following female cheerleaders are related to their gender identity rather than their fan identity. In contrast, female fans hardly could deal with the following doubts whether they like baseball players because of their fan identities or their gender identities. These difference prove that female fans’ are situated in periphery positions in the baseball fan communities once again. |
URI: | http://tdr.lib.ntu.edu.tw/jspui/handle/123456789/71867 |
DOI: | 10.6342/NTU201804191 |
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顯示於系所單位: | 社會學系 |
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