中國大陸基層行政執法類公務員之職業倦怠研究：以福建省為例

Abstract

行政執法類公務員，是中國大陸公務員分類改革後的數量龐大的一類群體，是政府意志的具體執行者。現如今同時面臨著公務員分類改革的壓力、十八大後政府與社會的監督管制。如何做好基層行政執法類公務員的管理，使其保持良好的工作狀態，是政府管理者不可忽視的重要課題。 因此本研究計劃參考工作要求-資源模式，以基層行政執法人員視角切入，使用問卷測量大陸基層行政執法公務人員職業倦怠現狀。並通過深度訪談的方式，了解當事者的主觀感受，也是本研究妥善提出改善建議的重要依據。綜上所述，本研究以期探明的研究問題如下：(一)基層行政執法人員的總體的職業倦怠、工作要求、工作資源感受程度如何？(二)不同個人背景變項的基層行政執法工作人員對職業倦怠是否存在差異？(三)工作要求和工作資源不平衡對職業倦怠的影響。最後通過對工作要求、工作資源對職業倦怠影響的研究，嘗試提出管理上的相關建議，做為政府在基層行政執法人員管理實務上之參考。 研究發現目前基層行政執法人員的職業倦怠感受處於一個中等偏上的水平，通過多元迴歸分析，本研究的核心發現是，在工作要求與工作資源中，僅有工作資源構面的工作自主性、上級支持對職業倦怠有著顯著負向影響；而在個人背景變項中，基層行政執法人員的婚姻狀況、學歷、政治身份對職業倦怠始終有顯著的正向影響，年齡對職業倦怠始終存在顯著負向影響。

Civil servants in public administration system are the actual executors of government will. In mainland China, such a group has grown rapidly after its classification reform. However, the reform itself and tighter political control after the 18th National Congress of CCP have imposed significant pressure on these people. In this context, a conundrum facing China’s government regulators is to properly manage public administration system, so that the administrative law enforcers can be well maintained and achieve better work outcomes. Based on the Job Demand-resource model, this research investigates the burnout level of the administrative law enforcers at the street level in mainland China by adopting a questionnaire method. To closely examine individual experiences of the target group, it has also incorporated multiple in-depth qualitative interviews, which can then serve as the basis for policy analysis. Hence, the research questions of this thesis can be identified as follow. First, it explores individual feelings of burnout, job demand and job resources among the surveyed group. It then builds upwards and try to understand whether differences in personal profile contribute to different levels of job burnout. Finally, it seeks to understand how the feeling of burnout is complicated by the asymmetry between job demand and job resources. Based on the answers to these questions, this thesis then proposes several policy options that might help to bring about better performance in public administration at the local level. The research conducted indicates that the administrative law enforcing civil servants show an above-average level of job burnout in general. The multiple regression analysis also finds that among all the variables in job demand-resource model, only job autonomy and superior support, two factors in the resource dimension, display significant negative correlation with job burnout. Besides, among the variables in personal profile, marital status, educational level and political identity are positively correlated with job burnout, while age shows a strong negative correlation.