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標題: | 光、養液及日夜溫對植物工場水耕綠葉紫蘇之影響 Effects of Light, Nutrient Solution and Day/night Temperature on Hydroponic Green-leafed Perilla in Plant Factory |
作者: | Ling Hsia 夏鈴 |
指導教授: | 羅筱鳳(Hsiao-Feng Lo) |
關鍵字: | 紫蘇,養液配方,溫度,光質,二次代謝物, perilla,nutrient solution,temperature,light quality,secondary metabolites, |
出版年 : | 2019 |
學位: | 碩士 |
摘要: | 紫蘇 (Perilla frutescens L.) 為唇形科一年生香草作物,其綠葉可用以鮮食,亦為中藥材。於植物工場內可系統化精準栽培,可穩定量產高品質作物。本研究旨在探討於植物工場栽培綠葉紫蘇之環境條件,以促進其產量及植化素濃度。
於25/25℃、16/08 h光暗週期下,綠葉紫蘇以4種養液配方栽培,其中Cornell配方組顯示最高栽培效率,定植46天其單株可售葉之總鮮重達26.0 g,顯著較Kim配方及Yamazaki配方組高,葉片迷迭香酸、木犀草素、芹菜素、咖啡酸濃度及總抗氧化能力則無顯著差異。而Cornell及Kim養液配方組之硝酸鹽濃度顯著較高,但仍遠低於歐盟法定限量。以Hoagland養液栽培其早期產量與Cornell栽培者相當,但生長較慢,達可採收需時多4-5天。 於25/25℃下,光暗週期16/08 h比14/10 h及12/12 h顯著提升綠葉紫蘇生長勢,栽培效率達16.1 g•kW-1h-1,且不影響葉片木犀草素、芹菜素和咖啡酸濃度,惟葉片總類黃酮濃度、迷迭香酸濃度及抗氧化力顯著降低。相較於12/12 h光暗週期,16/08 h之抗氧化力與迷迭香酸濃度分別降為1⁄5與1⁄4,顯示酚類濃度對光週期極為敏感。 於16/08 h光暗週期下,以日夜溫25/25℃、27/23℃及29/21℃栽培綠葉紫蘇,各組生長、代謝速率、二次代謝物含量及栽培效率間皆無差異,但27/23℃組氣孔導度233.3 mmol•m-2s-1為最低、硝酸鹽濃度1380.0 µg•g-1 FW最高;光暗16/08 h與25/25℃適合其栽培。 綠葉紫蘇以約188 μmol•m-2s-1、T5螢光燈光譜之發光二極體 (light-emitting diode, LED) 栽培,其比 T5及冷陰極螢光植物生長燈 (cold cathode fluorescent lamp, CCFL ) 有最大產值,定植49 d單株可售葉總鮮重14.6 g最高,栽培效率10.2 g•kW-1h-1亦為3種光譜CCFL之2倍。此外,以LED為光源時,於61%紅光額外提高UV-A光強度至12.5 µmol•m-2s-1,顯著增加葉片氣孔導度45.6%、蒸散速率43.8%、淨光合作用速率63.3%及抗壞血酸濃度110%,且降低硝酸鹽濃度42.8%,為適合栽培之光質。 以上述LED 光譜製作之CCFL為光源,大幅提升綠葉紫蘇生長速率,單株可售葉總鮮重32.2 g、株高21.4 cm,且節數係其他7種光源處理之1.2倍;然 葉片抗壞血酸、總類黃酮與總酚類濃度仍不及LED者,可能因光源放熱多、衰變期短所致。以T5光譜所製之LED為基礎,提高藍光強度無法有效增加葉片迷迭香酸含量,但促進總類黃酮及總酚類濃度;補以12.5 µmol•m-2s-1之UV-A光,則可促進其抗壞血酸、總類黃酮及總酚類生合成,降低硝酸鹽濃度。 綜之,於相同光質條件下,LED比CCFL耗能少,且促進綠葉紫蘇生長。以Cornell (1996) 取代Kim (1995) 於植物工場水耕栽培綠葉紫蘇有較佳生長勢,且生長速率比Hoagland配方養液快4-5天。綠葉紫蘇於16/08 h明暗週期栽培,生長快且鮮重、株高及總可售葉數等均較12/12 h高,亦具有較高栽培效率。以25/25℃、27/23℃及29/21℃日夜溫栽培之綠葉紫蘇生長勢並無顯著差異,惟27/23℃處理有較高硝酸鹽含量。而於含61%紅光添加UV光之光源可促進綠葉紫蘇品質提升,穩定量產,提升葉片機能性。 Perilla (Perilla frutescens L.) is an annual herb of Lamiacea, whose green leaves are used for fresh vegetables as well as one kind of Kampo medicine. Crops in plant factory are resulted in high quality and stable yield by precisely-systematic planting. This research aimed to find environmental factors which are suitable for cultivating green-leafed perilla in plant factory, and to induce yield accompanied with phytochemicals accumulation. Under 25/25℃ and 16/08 h light cycle, green-leafed perilla cultivated by 4 kinds of nutirent formula, among them Cornell formula treatment presented higher planting efficiency than Kim and Yamazaki formula, reached 26.0 g per plant after being transplanted for 46 days. Leafy rosmarinic acid, luteolin, apigenin, caffeic acid concentrationin and total antioxidant capacity didn’t show difference among all treatments. Cultivated by Cornell and Kim nutrient formula, plants had higher nitrate concentration but were still far from 2000 µg•g-1 FW the legal limit. Early yield of green-leafed perilla cultivated by Hoagland formula solution was the same with Cornell’s, but it grew slower, needing 4-5 days more to harvest. Under 25/25℃, extending light period to 16/08 h significantly enhanced growth and planting efficiency of green-leafed periila than 14/10 h and 12/12 h, the latter one even attained to 16.1 g•kW-1h-1. However, total flavonoid, rosmarinic acid concentration and antioxidant capacity were reduced, luteolin, apigenin and caffeic acid were not influenced on the other hand. Compared with 12/12 h cycle, leafy antioxidant capacity and rosmarinic acid concentration of 16/08 h treatment dropped to 1⁄5 and 1⁄4, concluding that phenolics concentration may be extremely sensitive to photoperiod. Under 16/08 h photoperiod using 25/25℃、27/23℃ and 29/21℃ to cultivate, growth, metabolic rate as well as secondary metabolites content of green-leafed perilla appeared no difference. 27/23℃ treatment showed the lowest stomatal conductance and the highest nitrate concentration, were 233.3 mmol•m-2s-1 and 1380.0 µg•g-1 FW respectively. Therefore, setting day/night temperature up to 25/25℃ is the most optimal choice due to its power saving. Green-leafed perilla cultivated under about 188 μmol•m-2s-1 light-emitting diode (LED) with T5 light quality showed the highest yield than T5 fluorescent lamp and cathode fluorescent lamp (CCFL), its total marketable leaves fresh weight reached 14.6 g per plant after being transplanted for 49 days. Its planting efficiency also reached up to 10.2 g•kW-1hr-1, about 2 times more than 3 CCFL treatments. Moreover, increasing UV-A to 12.5 µmol•m-2s-1 of 61% red LED significantly promoted 45.6% of leafy stomatal conductance, 43.8% of transpiration rate, 63.3% of net photosynthetic rate and 110% ascorbic acid concentration, lowered 42.8% nitrate accumulation, resulted in the best light quality to produce high quality perilla. Using CCFL with the LED spectrum mentioned above, this ligt treatment can greatly enhanced the grwoth rate of green-leafed perilla. The total marketable leaves fresh weight was 32.2 g per plant, plant height was 21 cm, and the number of nodes showed 1.2 times more than other 7 light treatments. However, leafy ascorbic acid, total flavonoids and total phenolic componds concentration were still lower than that of LED, mainly due to its larger heat emission and shorter decay period. Increasing blue light intensity of LED with T5 fluorescent lamp was unable to promote secondary metabolite accumulation. On the contary, supplementing 12.5 µmol•m-2s-1 UV-A induced biosynthesis of ascorbic acid, total falonvonoid and total phenolic compounds, reduced nitrate content. To sum up, under the same light quality, LED was more power saving compared to CCFL, and it stimulated growth of green-leafed periila. Replacing Kim (1995) nutrient formula with Cornell (1996) could enhance yield of green-leafed perilla in plant factory, moreover, the growth rate was faster 4-5 days than that of Hoagland. Perilla cultivated by 16/08 h photoperiod presented rapid growing, and its leaf fresh weight, plant height and number of marketable leaves were all more than 12/12 h treatment, which also had higher planting efficiency. Green-leafe perilla grown under 25/25℃, 27/23℃ and 29/21℃ didn’t show any significant effect on growth, only 27/23℃ treatment displayed the highest leafy nitrate concentration. Last, using 61% red accompanied with UV light could promote hydroponic green-leafed perilla quality, stably produce fresh leaves, enhance functionality. |
URI: | http://tdr.lib.ntu.edu.tw/jspui/handle/123456789/71633 |
DOI: | 10.6342/NTU201900005 |
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顯示於系所單位: | 園藝暨景觀學系 |
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