董事責任保險之制度探析

Abstract

近年來，隨著兆豐案、樂陞案等弊案之爆發，董事責任保險成為了各界關注之焦點。不僅上市公司之投保率因而攀升，相關法律亦開始對董事責任保險有所規範，金管會亦於2019年起強制所有上市櫃公司投保董事責任保險，董事責任保險在我國想必將越來越普及。此外，國內外相關報告書亦多次強調董事責任保險所具有提升公司治理品質之機能，使董事責任保險在世界上越來越受矚目，由此可見，現今之董事責任保險實具有高度之重要性與關注度。 因此，本文首先即欲對董事責任保險制度做一詳細之介紹，包含董事責任保險於英美與我國之發展歷程，要保人、被保險人、第三人等參與董事責任保險之主體，董事責任保險之客觀與主觀承保範圍，以及董事責任保險所具有之功能。而在對董事責任保險之基本構造有一定程度之掌握後，本文欲進一步以董事責任保險之運作過程為主軸，區分「締約前」、「締約後（含締約時）」、「保險事故發生後」三個不同階段，剖析現行董事責任保險制度存在之問題，並提出適切之解決辦法，期望藉此改善現行董事責任保險制度之運作，使董事責任保險得以順利發揮其應有之功能。 此外，本文欲藉由「內部控制機制」與「外部監督機制」之公司治理架構，探討董事責任保險於公司治理中所扮演之角色，具體說明董事責任保險係如何透過「強化董事會職權發揮」、「活用獨立董事制度」、「監督董事執行職務」、「提供第三人重要資訊」、「抑制董事道德危險發生」之機能，強化投保公司「內部控制機制」與「外部監督機制」之作用，進而促進投保公司之公司治理成效。最後，本文認為，未來應於董事責任保險中建立強制公開揭露制度，強制要求所有類型之公司正確地公開其投保董事責任保險之相關資訊，包含「承保範圍」、「除外條款」、「保險金額」、「自負額」、「保險費」、「保險人之名稱」等保險契約內容，使董事責任保險得以發揮加強版之外部監督效果，進而得以進一步地促進投保公司之公司治理成效。

In recent years, due to the outbreak of the scandal of Mega Holdings and XPEC Entertainment, Directors’ and Officers’ Liability Insurance (D O Insurance) has attracted the nationwide attention. Not only has the insurance coverage rate of listed companies increased, but the relevant laws have also started to regulate D O Insurance. Besides, the Financial Supervisory Commission has also announced that all the listed and over-the-counter companies have to join in a D O Insurance. Moreover, the reports released by Taiwan and Japan authorities have also highly emphasized on the function of improving corporate governance of the D O Insurance, making it become a spotlight all over the world. Thus, it can be seen that now the D O Insurance has become an important system and gained lots of concern. Thus, firstly this article wants to clearly introduce the D O Insurance system, including the development of D O Insurance in United Kingdom, America and Taiwan, the people of applicant, insured, third party who participate in a D O Insurance, the coverage of D O Insurance and D O Insurance’s functions. After realizing the fundamental structure of D O Insurance, this article wants to divide the D O Insurance operating process into “before the insurance contract executed”, “after insurance contract executed (during the time is included)” and “after the insurance accident occurring”, the three different phases, to discuss the current problems existing in the D O Insurance system, and to come up with the solutions. By proposing the solutions to all the problems, this article hopes it could improve the current D O Insurance system and make the D O Insurance system function well. Besides, this article wants to further discuss the role of D O Insurance in the “internal controlling system” and the “external monitoring system”, which are the structure of corporate governance. This article introduces how the D O Insurance using its five functions, which are “reinforcing the board’s power”, “utilizing the independent director system”, “monitoring the directors’ performance”, “provide third party important information” and “prevent the directors from moral hazard” to make sure the operation of “internal controlling system” and “external monitoring system” and to evaluate the effectiveness of corporate governance in the insured company. Finally, this article suggests that we should establish the mandatory disclosure system of D O Insurance in the near future. By asking all the companies to correctly disclosure the relevant information about D O Insurance they bought, including the detail information like type of coverage, exclusion, insured amount, retention, premium and the identity of insurer, the D O Insurance is hoped to strengthen its external monitoring power and to further evaluate the effectiveness of corporate governance in the insured company.