請用此 Handle URI 來引用此文件:
http://tdr.lib.ntu.edu.tw/jspui/handle/123456789/71468
完整後設資料紀錄
DC 欄位 | 值 | 語言 |
---|---|---|
dc.contributor.advisor | 陽毅平 | |
dc.contributor.author | Yi-Hsiang Tseng | en |
dc.contributor.author | 曾奕翔 | zh_TW |
dc.date.accessioned | 2021-06-17T06:01:17Z | - |
dc.date.available | 2022-02-14 | |
dc.date.copyright | 2019-02-14 | |
dc.date.issued | 2019 | |
dc.date.submitted | 2019-01-31 | |
dc.identifier.citation | [1]Y. Hori, “Future vehicle driven by electricity and control-research on four-wheel-motored 'UOT Electric March II',” IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics, Vol. 51, 2004, pp. 954-962.
[2]Scion Official Website.(2012, Sep. 23). Scion iQ EV [Online]. Available:http://pressroom.toyota.com/album_display.cfm?album_id=792§ion_id=413 [3]Honda Official Website. (2012, Sep. 23). Honda Fit EV [Online]. Available:http://automobiles.honda.com/fit-ev/exterior-photos.aspx [4]Ford Official Website. (2012, Sep. 23). Ford Focus BEV [Online]. Available:http://www.ford.com/cars/focus/trim/electric [5]Nissan Official Website. (2012, Sep. 23). Nissan Leaf [Online]. Available:http://www.nissan-global.com/EN/NISSAN/LEAF [6]Mini Official Website. (2012, Sep. 23). Mini E [Online]. Available:http://www.miniusa.com/minie-usa/ [7]Luxgen Official Website. (2014, Sep. 29). Luxgen M7 EV+ [Online]. Available:http:// www.luxgen-motor.com.tw/content/web/tc/m7_ev.html [8]Mitsubishi Official Website. (2012, Sep. 23). Mitsubishi i-MiEV [Online]. Available:http://www.mitsubishicars.com/MMNA/jsp/imiev/12/gallery/exterior.do [9]BMW Official Website. (2012, Sep. 23). BMW Active E [Online]. Available:http://www.bmw.com/com/en/newvehicles/1series/activee/2011/showroom/index.html [10]BMW Official Website. (2014, Sep. 29). BMW i3 [Online]. Available: http:// www.bmw.com.tw/com/tw/newvehicles/i/i3/2014/showroom/design.html [11]Smart Official Website. (2012, Sep. 23). SmartFortwo EV [Online]. Available:http://int.smart.com/ [12]Tesla Official Website. (2012, Sep. 23). Tesla Roadster [Online]. Available:http://www.teslamotors.com/roadster [13]Tesla Official Website. (2015, Jan. 25). Tesla Model S [Online]. Availabel: http://www.teslamotors.com/models [14]慶應義塾大學電氣電動車實驗室. (2012, Sep. 23). Eliica性能表[Online]. Available:http://www.eliica.com/project/eliica/spec.html [15]Mitsubishi Official Website. (2012, Sep. 23). Mitsubishi Colt EV[Online]. Available:http://www.mitsubishi-motors.com/corporate/about_us/technology/environment/e/miev.html [16]梁誌明, 輪內馬達懸吊系統之分析與設計, 碩士論文, 國立台灣大學, 台北, 2010. [17]“Porsche Mission E,” Porsche [Online] Available: http://www.porsche.com/microsite/mission-e/international.aspx# [18]“Audi e-tron quattro,” Audi [Online] Available:http://www.audi.com.tw/tw/brand/zh/Newscenter/NewsReview/News2015_07_12/News2015_09_16.print.html [19]D. Sun, F. Lan and J. Chen, 'Energy management strategy research and performance simulation for electric vehicles based on dual-energy storage system,' 2013 6th International Conference on Information Management, Innovation Management and Industrial Engineering, Xi'an, 2013, pp. 442-445. [20]T. H. Phung, J. C. Crebier and Y. Lembeye, 'Voltage balancing converter network for series-connected battery stack,' IECON 2012 - 38th Annual Conference on IEEE Industrial Electronics Society, Montreal, QC, 2012, pp. 3007-3013. [21]Fanning Jin, Mengqi Wang and Changjian Hu, 'A fuzzy logic based power management strategy for hybrid energy storage system in hybrid electric vehicles considering battery degradation,' 2016 IEEE Transportation Electrification Conference and Expo (ITEC), Dearborn, MI, 2016, pp. 1-7. [22]J. Gallardo-Lozano, E. Romero-Cadaval, T. Jalakas and H. Hõimoja, 'A battery cell balancing method with linear mode bypass current control,' 2014 14th Biennial Baltic Electronic Conference (BEC), Tallinn, 2014, pp. 245-248. [23]R. Menon, N. A. Azeez, A. H. Kadam and S. S. Williamson, 'Carrier based power balancing in three-level open-end drive for electric vehicles,' 2018 IEEE 12th International Conference on Compatibility, Power Electronics and Power Engineering (CPE-POWERENG 2018), Doha, 2018, pp. 1-6. [24]Y. Zhang, J. Li, J. Lin and J. Ge, 'A Charging Equalization Circuit with Odd and Even Module for Li-ion Series-Connected Batteries,' 2009 International Conference on Artificial Intelligence and Computational Intelligence, Shanghai, 2009, pp. 553-557. [25]F. Akar, Y. Tavlasoglu and B. Vural, 'An Energy Management Strategy for a Concept Battery/Ultracapacitor Electric Vehicle With Improved Battery Life,' in IEEE Transactions on Transportation Electrification, vol. 3, no. 1, pp. 191-200, March 2017. [26]Y. Tanaka, Y. Tsuruta, T. Nozaki and A. Kawamura, 'Proposal of ultra high efficient energy conversion system (HEECS) for electric vehicle power train,' 2015 IEEE International Conference on Mechatronics (ICM), Nagoya, 2015, pp. 703-708. [27]W. Huang and J. A. Abu Qahouq, 'Energy Sharing Control Scheme for State-of-Charge Balancing of Distributed Battery Energy Storage System,' in IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics, vol. 62, no. 5, pp. 2764-2776, May 2015. [28]V. Pham, T. Nguyen, D. Tran, V. Vu and Woojin Choi, 'A new cell-to-cell fast balancing circuit for Lithium-Ion batteries in Electric Vehicles and Energy Storage System,' 2016 IEEE 8th International Power Electronics and Motion Control Conference (IPEMC-ECCE Asia), Hefei, 2016, pp. 2461-2465. [29]M. D. Beirão, M. d. R. A. Calado, J. A. N. Pombo and S. J. P. S. Mariano, 'Balancing management system for improving Li-ion batteries capacity usage and lifespan,' 2016 IEEE 16th International Conference on Environment and Electrical Engineering (EEEIC), Florence, 2016, pp. 1-6. [30]Xuewei Qi, G. Wu, K. Boriboonsomsin and M. J. Barth, 'An on-line energy management strategy for plug-in hybrid electric vehicles using an Estimation Distribution Algorithm,' 17th International IEEE Conference on Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITSC), Qingdao, 2014, pp. 2480-2485. [31]A. Wangsupphaphol, N. R. N. Idris, A. Jusoh, N. D. Muhamad and I. M. Alsofyani, 'Energy and power control strategy for battery electric vehicle with supercapacitors,' 2014 IEEE Conference on Energy Conversion (CENCON), Johor Bahru, 2014, pp. 13-18. [32]M. Brandl et al., 'Batteries and battery management systems for electric vehicles,' 2012 Design, Automation & Test in Europe Conference & Exhibition (DATE), Dresden, 2012, pp. 971-976. [33]W. Li, Y. Fu, T. Liu, P. Chu, J. Wang and H. Chen, 'Battery equalization based on state of charge,' The 2014 2nd International Conference on Systems and Informatics (ICSAI 2014), Shanghai, 2014, pp. 159-163. [34]W. Hong, K. Ng, J. Hu and C. Moo, 'Charge equalization of battery power modules in series,' The 2010 International Power Electronics Conference - ECCE ASIA -, Sapporo, 2010, pp. 1568-1572. [35]J. P. Trovão, M. A. Silva and M. R. Dubois, 'Coupled energy management algorithm for MESS in urban EV,' in IET Electrical Systems in Transportation, vol. 7, no. 2, pp. 125-134, 6 2017. [36]H. Park, C. Kim, K. Park, G. Moon and J. Lee, 'Design of a Charge Equalizer Based on Battery Modularization,' in IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology, vol. 58, no. 7, pp. 3216-3223, Sept. 2009. [37]M. Zhang and J. Chen, 'The Energy Management and Optimized Operation of Electric Vehicles Based on Microgrid,' in IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery, vol. 29, no. 3, pp. 1427-1435, June 2014. [38]J. P. F. Trovão, M. Roux, É. Ménard and M. R. Dubois, 'Energy- and Power-Split Management of Dual Energy Storage System for a Three-Wheel Electric Vehicle,' in IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology, vol. 66, no. 7, pp. 5540-5550, July 2017. [39]A. Onea and C. Babici, 'Power management solutions for hybrid electric vehicles,' 2013 4th International Symposium on Electrical and Electronics Engineering (ISEEE), Galati, 2013, pp. 1-8. [40]Y. Du, M. Wang, R. T. Meitl, S. Lukic and A. Q. Huang, 'High-frequency high-efficiency DC-DC converter for distributed energy storage modularization,' IECON 2010 - 36th Annual Conference on IEEE Industrial Electronics Society, Glendale, AZ, 2010, pp. 1832-1837. [41]S. M. Salamati, S. A. Salamati, M. Mahoor and F. R. Salmasi, 'Leveraging adaptive model predictive controller for active cell balancing in Li-ion battery,' 2017 North American Power Symposium (NAPS), Morgantown, WV, 2017, pp. 1-6. [42]C. Hua and Y. Fang, 'Study of importance of charge equalization for LiFePO4battery pack,' 2013 IEEE 10th International Conference on Power Electronics and Drive Systems (PEDS), Kitakyushu, 2013, pp. 221-225. [43]B. Dong, Y. Li and Y. Han, 'Parallel Architecture for Battery Charge Equalization,' in IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, vol. 30, no. 9, pp. 4906-4913, Sept. 2015. [44]L. Dung, C. Lin and H. Yuan, 'An anti-racing PWM-based battery pack equalization,' 2014 14th International Conference on Control, Automation and Systems (ICCAS 2014), Seoul, 2014, pp. 1244-1248. [45]宋家安, 多動力馬達電動車即時節能驅動即回充煞車力矩分配策略, 碩士論文, 國立台灣大學, 台北, 2015. [46]陳建國, 複合輪胎力估測器於多動力馬達電動車驅動力矩分配策略之整合應用, 碩士論文, 國立台灣大學, 台北, 2016. [47]施昌沅, 雙車輪馬達電動車之車身穩定控制系統, 碩士論文, 國立台灣大學, 台北, 2012. [48]T. Chung, K. Yi, “Design and evaluation of side slip angle-based vehicle stability control scheme on a virtual test track,’’ IEEE Transations on Control System Technology, Vol. 14, 2006, pp. 224-234. [49]G. Zou, Y. Luo, X. Lian, K. Li, “A research of DYC for independent 4WD EV based on control target dynamic regulated,’’ IEEE International Conference on Vehicular Electronics and Safety, Beijing, China, 2007, pp.1-7. [50]Rajesh Rajamani, Vehicle Dynamics and Control, Springer, USA, 2012. [51]L. Chu, L. Chao, Y. Zhang, Y. Shi, “Design of longitudinal vehicle velocity observer using fuzzy logic and kalman filter.” 2011 International Conference on Electronic and Mechanical Engineering and Information Technology, Harbin, Hilongjiang, China, 2011, pp. 3225-3228. [52]L. H. Zhao, Z. Y. Liu, H. Chen, “Design of a nonlinear observer for vehicle velocity estimation and experiments.” IEEE Transactions on Control Systems Technology, Vol. 19, pp. 664-672. [53]徐殷偉, 基於速度及摩擦狀態估測之四輪驅動電動車循跡控制, 碩士論文, 國立台灣大學, 台北, 2010. [54]Z. Wu, M. Yao, H. Ma, W. Jia, F. Tian, “Low-cost antenna attitude estimation by fusing inertial sensing and two-antenna GPS for vehicle-mounted satcom-on-the-move.” IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology, Vol. 62, 2013, pp. 1084-1096. [55]葉智榮, 先進轉向系統發展趨式介紹, 車輛研測資訊, 財團法人車輛研究測試中心, 彰化, 2010. [56]C. Ahn, H. Peng, H. E. Tseng, “Robust estimation of road friction coefficient,” American Control Conference, San Francisco, CA, 2011, pp. 3948-3953. [57]S. Hong, J. K. Hedrick, “Tire-road friction coefficient estimation with vehicle steering,” IEEE Intelligent Vehicles Symposium, Gold Coast of Queensland, 2013, pp. 1227-1232. [58]M. Choi, J. J. Oh, S. B. Choi, “Linearized recursive least squares methods for real-time identification of tire-road friction coefficient,” IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology, Vol. 62, 2013, pp. 2906-2918. [59]J. Kennedy, R. C. Eberhart, “Particle swarm optimization,” IEEE International Conference on Neural Networks, NJ, USA, 1995, pp. IV: 1942-1948. [60]R. C. Eberhart, J. Kennedy, 'A new optimizer using particle swarm theory,' Proceedings of the Sixth International Symposium on Micro Machine and Human Science, Nagoya, Japan, 1995, pp. 39-43. [61]李維平, 黃郁授, 戴彰廷, 自適應慣性權重改良粒子群演算法之研究, 碩士論文, 中原大學資訊管理研究所, 桃園, 2008. [62]D. Ambuhl, L. Guzzella, “Predictive reference signal generator for hybrid electric vehicles.” IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology, Vol. 58, 2009, pp. 4730-4740. [63]N. Kim, S. Cha, H. Peng, “Optimal control of hybrid electric vehicles based on pontryagin's minimum principle.” IEEE Transactions on Control Systems Technology, Vol. 19, 2011, pp. 1279-1287. [64]Mitsubishi Official Website. (2015, Jan. 25). Mitsubishi Colt Plus. [Online]. Available:http://coltplus.mitsubishi-motors.com.tw/ [65]N. Mohan, T. Undeland, W. Robbins, Power Electronics: Converters, Applications, and Design, 3rd ed., John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2003. [66]M. F. Rahman, L. Zhong, “Comparison of torque responses of the interior permanent magnet motor under PWM current and direct torque controls,” Annual Conference on IEEE Industrial Electronics Society, San Jose, CA, Vol. 3, 1999, pp. 1464-1470. [67]Y. Hori, Y. Toyoda, Y. Tsuruoka, “Traction control of electric vehicle based on the estimation of road surface condition-basic experimental results using the test EV ‘UOT Electric March’,” Power Conversion Conference, Nagaoka, Vol. 1, 1997, pp. 1-8. [68]S. I. Sakai, Y. Hori, “Advanced vehicle motion control of electric vehicle based on the fast motor torque response,” Proceedings of the International Symposium on Advanced Vehicle Control, 2000, pp. 729-736. [69]L. Guzzella, A. Amstutz, “CAE tools for quasi-static modeling and optimization of hybrid powertrains,” IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology, Vol. 48, 1999, pp. 1762-1769. [70]L. Guzzella, A. Sciarretta, Vehicle Propulsion Systems, Springer, USA, 2007. | |
dc.identifier.uri | http://tdr.lib.ntu.edu.tw/jspui/handle/123456789/71468 | - |
dc.description.abstract | 本研究提出一套兼具電量平衡及力矩分配的電動車節能行駛策略,此電動車之動力架構採用15-kW直流無刷馬達搭配傳動齒輪箱,作為前輪之間接驅動動力源;後輪則由兩顆7-kW永磁同步馬達置於輪內,作為後輪之直接驅動動力源,並配有三電池組提供能量來源。控制策略中以車身穩定系統保持行車安全,並以粒子群最佳化法操作各馬達輸出力矩於高效率區間,作為行駛時節能力矩分配;而在多動力系統架構下,為解決各電池組電量不平衡之問題,策略結合固定比例力矩分配,車輛行駛過程中可基於滿足駕駛者之行車要求下,判斷電量狀況適時改變力矩分配模式而將電量差距控制在設定範圍內達到電量平衡之效果。
本研究除了以模型迴路模擬驗證策略性能外、並將策略建置於dSPACE MicroAutoBox中,整合感測器與電池管理系統所提供之策略所需狀態變數,並以底盤動力計以及實車上路實驗驗證策略可行性。實驗結果顯示,本研究之電量平衡力矩分配策略確實能在行駛過程中將電池組間電量差距維持在一定範圍內,並在直行與轉向模擬中提升旅程續航力約26.59%和7.67%;於實車實驗中,相較於分別以前後動力為主固定比例提升續航力約23.2%和10.82%,達到兼具電量平衡以及節能行駛之效果。 | zh_TW |
dc.description.abstract | This research proposes an energy-saving driving strategy for electric vehicle (EV) both charge balancing and torque distribution. The power train of EV consists of three motors: a 15-kW front traction motor with gearbox and two 7-kW in-wheel motors installed inside both rear wheels and EV is equipped with three battery packs to provide energy source. The strategy will adjust torque command of motors by particle swarm optimization that motors can be operated in high efficiency region to save energy. To solve the problem of charge unbalancing, the strategy which combines fixed ratio torque distribution can keep the driving safety by electronic stability program and switch mode of torque distribution according to the charge state.
Finally, besides of proving the performance of the strategy by model-in-the-loop (MIL) simulation, the charge balancing strategy is implemented in controller to verify the feasibility of real vehicle on the dynamometer and road. Experimental results show that the strategy can maintain charge gap within the set range, improve the endurance of 26.59% and 7.67% in straight and steering simulation and 23.2% and 10.82% compared with the fixed ratio torque distribution in the real vehicle experiment. The strategy achieves the effect of charge balancing and energy-saving driving. | en |
dc.description.provenance | Made available in DSpace on 2021-06-17T06:01:17Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 ntu-108-R04522824-1.pdf: 12718192 bytes, checksum: 82b403e532f98dc96941bb383ea5069e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2019 | en |
dc.description.tableofcontents | 口試委員會審定書 i
誌謝 ii 中文摘要 iii Abstract iv 圖目錄 ix 表目錄 xv 符號表 xvii 1 第一章、緒論 1 1.1 研究動機與目的 1 1.2 文獻回顧 3 1.2.1 電動車之發展 3 1.2.2 電池平衡與能量管理 6 1.3 本文貢獻 8 1.4 論文章節摘要 8 2 第二章、多動力馬達電動車系統模型與動態分析 10 2.1 多動力馬達電動車架構 10 2.2 馬達及馬達驅動器 11 2.2.1 馬達驅動之操作象限 12 2.2.2 前置15- kW直流無刷馬達 12 2.2.3 後輪7-kW永磁同步馬達 15 2.2.4 馬達力矩響應模擬 17 2.2.5 馬達消耗能量及回充能量估算 18 2.3 傳動齒輪箱 19 2.4 輪胎模型 20 2.5 車體動態模型 25 2.5.1 車體縱向動態 25 2.5.2 車體側向與偏擺動態 28 2.5.3 車輛規格 30 2.6 電池模型 31 2.7 直流降壓轉換器模型 34 3 第三章、車身穩定系統與即時力矩分配策略之架構 39 3.1 車身穩定系統 39 3.1.1 滑差控制器(Slip Ratio Controller, SRC) 40 3.1.2 直接偏擺力矩控制器(Direct Yaw-Moment Controller, DYC) 43 3.1.3 控制器總結 46 3.2 粒子群最佳化即時節能力矩分配策略 58 3.2.1 粒子群最佳化法(Particle Swarm Optimization, PSO) 58 3.2.2 動力分配問題中之應用 62 3.2.3 節能策略與車身穩定系統整合架構 64 3.2.4 即時節能驅動及回充煞車力矩分配策略流程 66 3.2.5 固定比例分配 73 4 第四章、行車動力分配分析與電量平衡策略設計 75 4.1 電動車驅動方式 75 4.1.1 前馬達驅動 77 4.1.2 後馬達驅動 79 4.2 各力矩分配模式 81 4.2.1 直行力矩分配 81 4.2.2 轉向力矩分配 85 4.3 能量消耗 88 4.4 電量平衡策略設計 95 4.4.1 電量差距與電量狀態 95 4.4.2 判斷力矩模式與力矩分配 96 4.4.3 策略流程圖。 102 5 第五章、MIL行車模擬與分析 105 5.1 MIL模擬架構介紹 105 5.1.1 行車循環(driving cycle) 105 5.1.2 行車模擬架構 105 5.1.3 行車控制單元取樣頻率設定 107 5.2 MIL電量平衡策略驗證 108 5.2.1 直行電量平衡策略驗證 108 5.2.2 轉彎電量平衡策略驗證 114 6 第六章、動力計及實車上路實驗結果 121 6.1 實車與動力計平台架構 121 6.2 實車實驗之硬體介紹 122 6.2.1 dSPACE MicroAutoBox 122 6.2.2 動力計規格介紹 122 6.3 動力計實驗 124 6.3.1 驅動模式動力計實驗 124 6.3.2 電量平衡策略動力計實驗 135 6.4 實車上路實驗 140 6.4.1 即時電量平衡力矩分配策略上路實驗結果 142 6.4.2 固定比例力矩分配上路實驗結果 146 6.5 動力計實驗與實車上路實驗總結 152 7 第七章、結論與未來展望 153 7.1 結果討論 153 7.2 未來展望 154 參考文獻 156 | |
dc.language.iso | zh-TW | |
dc.title | 多動力馬達電動車電量平衡力矩分配策略 | zh_TW |
dc.title | Charge Balancing and Torque Distribution Strategy on an Electric Vehicle with Multiple Motors | en |
dc.type | Thesis | |
dc.date.schoolyear | 107-1 | |
dc.description.degree | 碩士 | |
dc.contributor.oralexamcommittee | 李綱,蕭得聖 | |
dc.subject.keyword | 粒子群最佳化法,電量平衡,力矩分配,多動力電動車,節能行駛, | zh_TW |
dc.subject.keyword | particle swarm optimization,charge balancing,torque distribution,electric vehicle,energy-saving driving, | en |
dc.relation.page | 164 | |
dc.identifier.doi | 10.6342/NTU201701836 | |
dc.rights.note | 有償授權 | |
dc.date.accepted | 2019-02-11 | |
dc.contributor.author-college | 工學院 | zh_TW |
dc.contributor.author-dept | 機械工程學研究所 | zh_TW |
顯示於系所單位: | 機械工程學系 |
文件中的檔案:
檔案 | 大小 | 格式 | |
---|---|---|---|
ntu-108-1.pdf 目前未授權公開取用 | 12.42 MB | Adobe PDF |
系統中的文件,除了特別指名其著作權條款之外,均受到著作權保護,並且保留所有的權利。