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完整後設資料紀錄
DC 欄位 | 值 | 語言 |
---|---|---|
dc.contributor.advisor | 鍾嘉綾(Chia-lin Chung) | |
dc.contributor.author | Hao Chou | en |
dc.contributor.author | 周昊 | zh_TW |
dc.date.accessioned | 2021-06-17T04:57:13Z | - |
dc.date.available | 2023-08-06 | |
dc.date.copyright | 2018-08-06 | |
dc.date.issued | 2018 | |
dc.date.submitted | 2018-07-27 | |
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dc.identifier.uri | http://tdr.lib.ntu.edu.tw/jspui/handle/123456789/71180 | - |
dc.description.abstract | 有害木層孔菌 (Phellinus noxius) 造成的樹木褐根病可危害超過200種以上的闊葉樹及針葉樹,本病於感染初期並不會有明顯症狀,往往發現病徵時已難以防治。現行褐根病防治方法包括邁隆燻蒸、系統性殺菌劑澆灌等,但不當使用化學藥劑有可能破壞環境、傷害非目標生物。Schwarze等人 (2012) 及Tang等人 (2016) 的in vitro實驗指出,木黴菌可抑制P. noxius生長、防止木材遭P. noxius腐朽,Schubert等人 (2008) 亦發現木黴菌可有效防治木材腐朽菌感染樹木傷口。本研究針對4株P. noxius及4株Trichoderma菌株進行測試,首先透過1/2 馬鈴薯葡萄糖瓊脂 (PDA) 上之對峙培養,瞭解木黴菌對P. noxius之生長抑制效果;再將P. noxius及木黴菌依不同先後順序接種於正榕 (Ficus microcarpa) 木塊,發現先處理木黴菌可減少P. noxius造成之乾重損失;之後選擇具潛力之其中一株木黴菌T. asperellum TA,以土壤澆灌法處理根部接種P. noxius 2248 前、後之枇杷苗 (Eriobotrya japonica),發現可有效延緩萎凋,且先處理木黴菌可達到良好防治效果,顯示預防勝於治療之重要性。由接種P. noxius 2248及T. asperellum TA之枇杷根組織進行表面消毒後,於選擇性培養基上分離培養,各處理組之P. noxius分離率與樹苗萎凋發生率趨勢一致,而即使在單純處理T. asperellum TA之組別,木黴菌之分離率仍低 (粗根11.1%、細根4.2%),顯示其在枇杷根部組織內之定殖能力弱。為增加防治藥劑選項,及探討結合木黴菌生物防治法與化學防治法之可行性,本研究挑選相對低毒性之18種系統性殺菌劑,測試其在含藥PDA培養基上對4株P. noxius及4株Trichoderma菌株之抑制率,發現環克座、依普座於1 ppm下仍能有效抑制P. noxius,而木黴菌對三泰芬、滅普寧之感受性較低,可作為未來病害防治管理之參考。 | zh_TW |
dc.description.abstract | Brown root rot disease, caused by Phellinus noxius, is one of the most destructive tree diseases that has raised much public attention. Trees infected with P. noxius do not show obvious symptoms at early stages. Usually when brown root rot is diagnosed, it is too late for disease control. The methods currently applied for brown root rot control include soil fumigation using Dazomet and drench treatment using systemic fungicides. However, misuse of chemicals may cause environmental pollution and harmful effects to non-target organisms. In vitro experiments by Schwarze et al. (2012) and Tang et al. (2016) showed that Trichoderma sp. can inhibit the growth of P. noxius and prevent wood blocks from P. noxius degradation. Schubert et al. (2008) also found that application of Trichoderma sp. can reduce the infection of wood decay fungi through wounds. In this study, we first tested antagonistic activity of 4 different Trichoderma isolates against 4 different P. noxius isolates by dual culture on 1/2 potato dextrose agar (PDA) medium. Inoculation of Trichoderma and/or P. noxius isolates on wood blocks of Ficus microcarpa showed that pretreatment with Trichoderma significantly reduced the loss of dry weight caused by P. noxius. A single Trichoderma isolate showing strong and stable antagonistic activity, T. asperellum TA, was further confirmed to be effective in delaying the wilting of P. noxius 2248–inoculated loquat seedlings (Eriobotrya japonica) in the pot assay. Both wood block and pot assays suggested that better biocontrol efficiency can be achieved by applying Trichoderma sp. prior to the infection of P. noxius. Loquat roots inoculated with P. noxius 2248及T. asperellum TA were examined by surface sterilization and cultivation on selective media. The isolation rates of P. noxius were correlated with the wilting rates of loquat seedlings in different treatments. Low isolation rates of Trichoderma were observed, even from the roots only treated with T. asperellum TA (11.1% of coarse roots and 4.2% of fine roots), indicating weak colonization ability of T. asperellum TA in loquat roots. To provide more options for chemical control, as well as to evaluate the feasibility of combining Trichoderma and fungicides for disease management, 18 systemic fungicides that are relatively lower toxic were tested for inhibition of the mycelial growth of 4 Trichoderma isolates and 4 P. noxius isolates on PDA amended with individual chemical. Cyproconazole and epoxiconazole were effective in suppressing P. noxius at 1 ppm, and Trichoderma had lower sensitivity to triadimefon and mepronil. These findings provide new insights into the control of brown root rot. | en |
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dc.description.tableofcontents | 審定書 #
摘要 I Abstract II 表目錄 VI 圖目錄 VII 壹、前人研究 1 1.1 褐根病簡介 1 1.2 P. noxius之分類地位與寄主範圍 2 1.3 褐根病之物理防治法 2 1.4 褐根病之化學防治法 3 1.5 木黴菌之特性 4 1.6 木黴菌於木本植物病害及P. noxius防治上之應用 5 貳、材料與方法 8 2.1 Phellinus. noxius及木黴菌之菌株選擇、保存及培養 8 2.2 木黴菌對P. noxius之對峙培養及拮抗效果評估 9 2.3 木黴菌對P. noxius分解木塊之抑制效果評估 9 2.4 木黴菌T. asperellum TA對P. noxius 2248感染枇杷苗之抑制效果測試 10 2.4.1 P. noxius接種源製備 10 2.4.2 木黴菌接種源製備 10 2.4.3 枇杷苗接種測試 11 2.4.4 根系外觀及定殖率評估 11 2.5 木黴菌T. asperellum TA在枇杷苗根部組織及盆土中之殘存能力測試 12 2.5.1 土壤中木黴菌含量評估 12 2.6 殺菌劑對P. noxius之菌落生長抑制效果測試 12 2.7 木黴菌對殺菌劑之感受性測試 13 參、結果 15 3.1 木黴菌與P. noxius對峙培養之觀察 15 3.2 四株木黴菌於培養基上對四株P. noxius之拮抗效果 15 3.3 四株木黴菌對四株P. noxius分解木塊之抑制效果 15 3.4 木黴菌T. asperellum TA對P. noxius 2248感染枇杷苗之抑制效果 16 3.5 木黴菌T. asperellum TA在枇杷苗根部組織及盆土中之殘存能力 17 3.6 殺菌劑對P. noxius之菌落生長抑制效果測試 17 3.7 木黴菌對殺菌劑之感受性測試 18 肆、討論 19 4.1 木黴菌對P. noxius之對峙培養及拮抗效果評估 19 4.2 木黴菌對P. noxius分解木塊之抑制效果評估 19 4.3木黴菌T. asperellum TA對P. noxius 2248感染枇杷苗之抑制效果測試 21 4.4 木黴菌T. asperellum TA在枇杷苗根部組織及盆土中之殘存能力測試 21 4.5 殺菌劑對P. noxius之菌落生長抑制效果測試 22 4.6 木黴菌對殺菌劑之感受性測試 23 伍、參考文獻 25 表目錄 表一、本研究使用之Phellinus noxius及Trichoderma菌株 29 表二、本研究使用之殺菌劑及其特性 30 表三、木黴菌對P. noxius分解木塊之抑制效果。 31 表四、枇杷苗根部之木黴菌T. asperellum TA及P. noxius 2248分離率。 33 表五、18種殺菌劑對四株P. noxius之菌落生長抑制效果。本實驗於含有不同濃度藥劑之PDA培養基上進行。不同字母代表以Tukey’s studentized range (HSD) 進行統計分析具顯著差異 (P < 0.05);且所有關於化學藥劑實驗之統計分析皆為同濃度下不同藥劑的data。 34 表六、18種殺菌劑對P. noxius之菌落生長抑制效果。本實驗於含有不同濃度藥劑之PDA培養基上進行。 40 表七、五種效果良好之殺菌劑在低濃度下對四株P. noxius之菌落生長抑制效果。本實驗於含有不同濃度藥劑之PDA培養基上進行。 43 表八、五種效果良好之殺菌劑在低濃度下對P. noxius之菌落生長抑制效果。本實驗於含有不同濃度藥劑之PDA培養基上進行。 45 表九、四株木黴菌對三泰芬及滅普寧之感受性測試。本實驗於含有不同濃度藥劑之PDA培養基上進行。 46 表十、木黴菌對三泰芬及滅普寧之感受性測試。本實驗於含有不同濃度藥劑之PDA培養基上進行。 47 圖目錄 圖一、木黴菌對P. noxius之對峙培養及拮抗效果評估實驗流程。 48 圖二、木黴菌對P. noxius分解木塊之抑制效果評估實驗流程。 49 圖三、木黴菌T. asperellum TA對P. noxius 2248感染枇杷苗之抑制效果測試實驗流程。 50 圖四、木黴菌與P. noxius之交互作用。(A) Trichoderma asperellum TA與P. noxius 2248 對峙培養30天後之菌落; (B) T. asperellum ML01對P. noxius A42之超寄生現象。 51 圖五、四株木黴菌於培養基上對四株P. noxius之拮抗效果。 52 圖六、四株木黴菌對四株P. noxius分解木塊之整體抑制效果。 53 圖七、木黴菌T. asperellum TA對P. noxius 2248感染枇杷苗之抑制效果測試。 (A) 第六週植株; (B) 第八週植株; (C) 第十二週根系; (D) 第十七週根系。Control:未處理;P:只接種P. noxius 2248;PT:先接種P. noxius 2248兩週後,每週澆灌T. asperellum TA持續六週;TP:先澆灌T. asperellum TA兩週後再接種P. noxius 2248,第三週起每週澆灌T. asperellum TA持續五週;T:每週澆灌T. asperellum TA持續八週。 57 圖八、木黴菌T. asperellum TA在枇杷苗根部組織及盆土中之殘存能力測試。 (A) 根組織片段:無Trichoderma菌落形成。 (B) 土壤樣本:典型Trichoderma菌落。本實驗使用木黴菌選擇性培養基 (Trichoderma selective medium, TSM)。 58 圖九、木黴菌T. asperellum TA之土壤殘存能力測試。 59 圖十、T. asperellum TA對不同殺菌劑於10 ppm下之感受性測試。 (對照組、三泰芬、滅普寧、普克利、撲克拉、三氟得克利、三泰隆、環克座、亞托環克座、依普座) 60 | |
dc.language.iso | zh-TW | |
dc.title | 木黴菌防治樹木褐根病之探討 | zh_TW |
dc.title | Application of Trichoderma spp. for controlling brown root rot disease of trees | en |
dc.type | Thesis | |
dc.date.schoolyear | 106-2 | |
dc.description.degree | 碩士 | |
dc.contributor.oralexamcommittee | 曾顯雄(Shean-Shong Tzean),洪挺軒(Ting-Hsuan Hung),蔡志濃(Jyh-Nong Tsai) | |
dc.subject.keyword | 褐根病,木黴菌,殺菌劑,生物防治,化學防治, | zh_TW |
dc.subject.keyword | brown root rot,Trichoderma,fungicide,biological control,chemical control, | en |
dc.relation.page | 60 | |
dc.identifier.doi | 10.6342/NTU201802034 | |
dc.rights.note | 有償授權 | |
dc.date.accepted | 2018-07-27 | |
dc.contributor.author-college | 生物資源暨農學院 | zh_TW |
dc.contributor.author-dept | 植物醫學碩士學位學程 | zh_TW |
顯示於系所單位: | 植物醫學碩士學位學程 |
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