完美主義本質及其與父母安全依附關係之初探

Abstract

針對「完美主義」概念有許多不同的定義和分類，本研究試圖綜合兩份常用的完美主義量表（「Frost」與「Hewitt」多向度完美主義量表），區分出構成完美主義的核心要素以及其影響來源因素，並探究大學生對父母的安全依附傾向是否對個人的適應性及非適應性完美主義信念具有影響效果，且會進一步採用結構方程模型（SEM）分析方法，檢驗大學生知覺的父母影響和社會接納程度在父母安全依附和個人的適應性及非適應性完美主義信念間具有中介作用效果。本研究藉由問卷調查方式獲得249份有效樣本，並以驗證性因素分析及結構方程模型統計方法進行假設考驗。結果支持完美主義量表的四因素模型，分別是適應性完美主義、非適應性完美主義、父母影響和社會接納。而大學生與父母的安全依附關係會透過知覺到的父母期待和批評影響自身的完美主義信念，其中安全的親子依附關係可以正向預測適應性完美主義，負向預測非適應性完美主義，而透過知覺到較少的父母負面影響與較多的社會接納，是降低發展成非適應性完美主義信念的關鍵。

There are many different definitions and classifications of the concept of 'perfectionism'. This study attempts to use two perfectionism scales (Frost and Hewitt multidimensional perfectionism scales) to distinguish the core of perfectionism, and explore whether college students’ attachment to their parents’ safety has an effect on personal adaptability and maladaptive perfectionism. This study uses the structural equation model (SEM) analysis methods, obtained 249 valid samples. Parental influence and social acceptance have a mediate effect between parental security attachment and personal adaptive and maladaptive perfectionist beliefs. The result supports the four-factor model of the perfectionism, namely adaptive perfectionism, maladaptive perfectionism, parental influence and social acceptance. The secure attachment relationship between college students and their parents will affect their perfectionism beliefs through perceived parental expectations and criticism. Among them, the safe parent-child attachment relationship can positively predict adaptive perfectionism and negatively predict maladaptive perfectionism. Social participation that perceives that alternative parents cannot influence and benefit is the key to preventing the development of maladaptive perfectionist beliefs.