土地所有權對原住民族鄉鎮參與獎勵造林計畫之影響

Abstract

台灣獎勵私人與租地造林政策於1983年開始，且政府持續增加獎勵金額。過去文獻指出土地所有權的移轉能夠提升原住民參與獎勵造林意願，本研究目的在於利用1990年與2005年的林業普查資料，驗證土地所有權的移轉是否為參與獎勵造林計畫重要誘因。 研究結果顯示，原住民鄉鎮的自有林地比例在15年間具有顯著的增加，而且給予土地所有權為原住民鄉鎮林戶參與獎勵造林計畫之主要因素。此外，原住民鄉鎮與鄰近鄉鎮之參與獎勵造林比例有空間的聚集效應，但將經濟因素納入迴歸分析後，其聚集效應不再顯著，顯示鄉鎮之經濟因素亦具有空間意涵。

The incentive program to promote reforestation in private and leased forestlands started in 1983 in Taiwan, and the government had increased the amount of subsidies gradually since then. Some earlier studies on reserved lands of indigenous people indicated that the transfer of land ownership was a major incentive for indigenous people to participate reforestation. The main purpose of this study is to examine empirically whether the transfer of land ownership plays an important role to encourage the participation in reforestation based on two censuses conducted in 1990 and 2005 respectively. The study result shows that the proportion of indigenous forestlands owned privately had a significant increase from 1990 to 2005; the change in property right was a major incentive for indigenous forest landowners to participate reforestation as well. In addition, there is a different spatial distribution of local participation in reforestation between indigenous and neighboring townships, but the spatial difference can be eliminated by regression analysis with some economic factors.