以自發性地理資訊探討民眾對空氣污染的環境識覺

Abstract

近年來隨著經濟建設的發展，高污染之產業、公共建設等所衍生的廢氣問題造成空氣品質下降，使空氣污染成為現今許多國家必須面對的環境議題。目前有關空氣污染的研究大多使用環保署之監測資料，但因政府測站數量較少，無法呈現小尺度下空氣品質的空間差異。然而，隨著近年來科技及網路技術的發展，產製資料的角色發生變化，空氣品質監測數據的提供者不再限於官方政府，廣大的民眾亦可扮演提供空氣品質監測數據的角色，加入資料收集的過程。這種民眾自發性的提供地理資訊與他人分享的過程即稱為自發性地理資訊 (VGI)。 本研究有別於過去空氣污染與環境識覺的研究方式，使用以公民為數據蒐集基礎的空氣盒子，分析空氣污染的情形。在環境識覺的研究上，利用探勘網路社群之文本資料，分析人們隱藏在文字後對於空污議題的看法及其展現出的環境識覺，探討不同時間點下，民眾環境識覺之變化以及環境識覺與地區性空氣污染之互動關係。此外，本研究進一步探討環境識覺與網路地圖平臺的關聯，探討民眾之環境識覺是否會因網路圖臺資訊的加入而有所不同。 研究結果顯示，利用VGI資料分析空氣污染，能更為具體的瞭解空氣品質在小尺度下的時空差異。利用網路社群之資料能進行長時間尺度的環境識覺研究，分析民眾在不同時間點對於空氣污染的識覺變化。結合空氣盒子與網路社群之資料，發現不同空氣品質下，民眾呈現之環境識覺具差異性。此外，透過分析網路社群與網路地圖平臺之互動，發現網路圖臺資訊使環境識覺呈現不同的面向。最後，本研究分析民眾對於環境識覺的認知途徑，發現民眾對於環境的認知途徑有別於過去，民眾環境識覺的形成並不全然以真實環境為主，而會受到以數據建構的媒體環境所影響，使現今民眾的環境識覺形成架構與過去有所不同。

In recent years, exhaust-gas problems from high-pollution industries, transportation facilities and other construction has led to a decline in air quality, creating air-pollution issues in many countries. At present, most studies on air pollution use data from EPA monitoring stations in Taiwan. However, the smaller number of government stations prevents us from determining more detailed spatial differences in air quality. With the development of technology and network technology in recent years, air-quality data are not limited to government data: the public can also provide air-quality monitoring data, joining the data-collection process. This voluntary participation process that involves providing geographic information to share with others is called volunteered geographic information (VGI). The purpose of this research is to expand upon previous research methods of environmental perception by using VGI data to draw an air-pollution map and mining the internet community to analyze people’s environmental perception and any temporal changes in environmental perception. Additionally, we analyze the relationship between environmental perception and online map platforms to explore whether people's environmental perception can change because of internet information. The results of this study show that using VGI data to analyze air pollution can elucidate spatial and temporal differences in air quality at small scales. By using information from the internet community, we can analyze long-term changes in environmental perception and determine the environmental perception of air pollution at different times. Combining data from air boxes and the internet community reveals that the people’s environmental perception is different under different air qualities. In addition, analyzing the interaction between the internet community and information from online map platforms shows that online information can change people’s environmental perception. Finally, this study finds that the people's cognitive approach of environmental perception has changed. The framework of environmental perception is not entirely based on the real world but can be affected by the media environment that is built by data. This impact has changed the analytical framework of today's environmental perception. Thus, we must incorporate the role of the media environment into the analytical framework to fully interpret the people’s environmental perception.