情感、冒犯與刑事立法：論冒犯行為之可罰性界限

Abstract

冒犯行為是遭致他人負面情感的行為。從法制史的角度，冒犯行為由來已久，如風俗犯罪、宗教犯罪，至今仍未被深入挑戰或撼動。從現行刑法、特別刑法或社會秩序維護法，都可以看到規制冒犯行為的蹤跡。通說見解支持的法益理論，在面對冒犯行為的問題上，不僅遭質疑批判功能有力有未逮之處，也面臨其正當性疑義。在第一章對於上述問題進行簡要回顧後，本文目標在於重新檢視對於冒犯行為的刑事立法檢驗標準，與重新思考法益理論跟刑事立法學的基本定位。 在第二章，本文對於冒犯行為的規範史，與情感冒犯的社會機制的理解著手分析，本文認為冒犯行為為社會衝突所產生的負面情感社會機制，當前國家的管制是以良善秩序的維繫為其潛在目的。基於這一理解，本文將以情感修復導向的犯罪事後處理機能為刑罰目的，同時在第三章透過實質犯罪概念的系譜性解析，反省刑事立法批判的可能路徑。 在第四章，本文以自由主義脈絡下的｢傷害原則」為核心，重新檢視冒犯行為的可罰基礎，同時檢證人類負面情感與傷害原則的關聯，檢討對於冒犯所遭致的負面情感，是否值得動用刑事制裁介入。接續自由主義刑法學的基調下，在第五章將回應來自於憲法學與基本權釋義學的挑戰，反省憲法學檢證刑事立法有何不足之處，並簡短提出對於刑事立法學的基本構想。 最後，本文將逐一分析現行法中的各種冒犯行為，包含兒童色情、兒童性剝削、宗教犯罪、性風俗、動物保護、妨礙秩序、保護家庭的犯罪。本文將指出，除非能從傷害原則或軟性家長主義說明，否則國家刑罰權施加在冒犯行為之上有高度疑慮。

Offensive behaviors are those that affront to others and cause their negative emotional states. From the perspective of legal history, offensive behaviors, such as vice crimes or religious offenses, have not been deeply challenged or shaken so far. In Criminal Law, supplementary penal provisions and Social Order Maintenance Act, certain offensive behaviors should be punished by criminal or administrative penalty. Rechtsgutslehre (theory of legal good), supported by common thesis, is not only be criticized due to faintness of its critical force, but faced with the question to its legitimacy when confronting with offensive behaviors. After briefly reviewing these questions in the first chapter, this thesis aims at reviewing the criteria of examining criminal legislation on offensive behaviors. In meanwhile, it also aims to rethink the basic position of Rechtsgutslehre and criminal legislative theory. The second chapter analyzes firstly the history of punishment on offensive behaviors and the understanding of social mechanism of emotional offensiveness. Then, this thesis proposed to offensive behaviors as social mechanism of negative emotions, which results from social conflicts, and the current regulations by state imply maintenance of good order (Bonum Ordinis) as its potential goal. Based on this understanding, this thesis adapted the emotion-restoration oriented “Ex-Post Crime-Settling Function” as the goal of punishment, and by genealogical analysis of conception of substantial crime, it reflect possible approachs to critics of criminal legislation in the third chapter. In the fourth chapter, this thesis will argue “Harm Principle” in liberalist context as fundamental criteria, reinvesting the basic ground of punishment on offensive behaviors, and aims to figure out whether the negative emotions caused by offensive behaviors are candidate for intervention by criminal sanction. In this light of liberal criminal jurisprudence, this thesis will resolve the challenges from the constitutional law and doctrines of constitutional rights, reflects on the deficits of criteria based on constitutional law, and briefly argues for basic proposition of criminal legislative theory. Finally, this thesis will one by one review current regulation on offensive behaviors, including child pornography, sexual exploition of child, religious offense, offenses against sexual morality, offenses against animal protection, offenses against public order and family. It points out what punishments on offensive behaviors imposed by the state will be in doubt if it cannot demonstrated by harm principle and soft paternalism.