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標題: | 利用無線感測系統建立橋梁淘刷監控之研究 Research on Establishing Scouring Monitoring System of Bridge Management by using Wireless Sensor Network |
作者: | Jui-Pang Lo 羅瑞邦 |
指導教授: | 曾惠斌(Hui-Ping Tserng) |
關鍵字: | 橋梁監測,橋梁淘刷,自然頻率,無線感測網路,有限元素分析, bridge monitoring,bridge scouring,natural frequency,Wireless Sensor Network,finite element analysis, |
出版年 : | 2018 |
學位: | 碩士 |
摘要: | 隨著氣候變遷極端事件頻傳,增加了橋墩淘刷的風險,又因應台灣河川多且短小流急,且大多無人看管,因此如何有效的對橋梁進行橋墩淘刷監測是為一項相當重要的課題。本研究欲利用有限元素模型模擬之橋墩淘刷深度與自然頻率關係圖做為基礎,並開發自製之無線感測系統(Wireless Sensor Network, WSN),對結構物進行微振試驗,將其時間序列做快速傅立葉轉換(Fast Fourier Transform, FFT),即可得出結構物之自然頻率,再與模型之結果比對,試判斷出橋梁結構之淘刷狀況,建立橋梁淘刷監控之標準化流程。
由於過往微振量測儀器的設計不適合用於現地監測,本研究開發出一套自製之無線感測系統,使用開源軟體(Open Source)之開發工具:Arduino Uno、Xbee無線傳輸模組等,並選用兩顆不同類型之類比加速度計(KB12VD與SD2210),進行一連串之測試,並與商用儀器互相比對,釐清儀器之種種限制與適用性,選擇出較適當軟硬體搭配,最後能夠有效的以微振試驗量測出結構之自然頻率。 本研究以台北市文山區文和橋為例:首先蒐集竣工圖,續以SAP軟體進行有限元素分析,確定各種設定與邊界條件,並以STP-N值模擬土壤束制條件,進行模態分析模擬出橋墩淘刷深度與自然頻率關係圖。模擬結果顯示橋墩未經淘刷之初始狀況自然頻率為4.361Hz;另一方面使用自製之WSN無線感測系統,量測出文和橋現況之自然頻率為4.328 Hz。將現地量測出之自然頻率與SAP模型產出之關係圖互相比對,結果顯示文和橋現況為接近未淘刷之初始狀態。最後實際量測下部結構橋墩之覆土深度,結果顯示覆土深度接近初始狀態,驗證整體標準化流程具有可行性。 Along with the global climate change, the extreme events are happening with increasing frequency, increasing the risk of bridge scouring. However, in Taiwan, rivers are usually short, with swift current and most of them are left unattended. Therefore, how to monitor the scouring of bridges effectively is a very important issue. The objects of this study is to use the finite element model to investigate the relationship between scouring depth of pier and the natural frequency, and to develop a self-made Wireless Sensor Network (WSN), conducting micro-vibration test on structure, then obtaining the natural frequency of bridge pier through converting the time series via Fast Fourier Transform (FFT). Finally, comparing the natural frequency obtained by WSN and finite element model, the scouring state of bridge can be determined. This study developed a self-made Wireless Sensor Network, specially for in-situ test, using open source development tools: Arduino Uno, Xbee wireless transmission module, etc., and adopting two different types of analog accelerometers (KB12VD and SD2210). A series of tests and corrections have been carried out for the WSN system and through comparing the WSN system with the commercial instrument, the limitations and applicability of the instrument can be clarified. Then selecting the more appropriate hardware and software collocation, the natural frequency of the structure can be effectively measured. This study took Wenhe Bridge in Wenshan District, of Taipei City as an example. The completed drawings were collected as well as the finite element model of bridge was built with SAP2000 software. Various parameters and conditions were settled carefully and STP-N values were used to simulate the boundary conditions of soil. The modal analysis was conducted to investigate the relationship between scouring depth of pier and the natural frequency. The simulation results of model show that the natural frequency of the bridge pier without scouring is 4.361 Hz. Using the self-made WSN system, the natural frequency of the Wenhe Bridge is 4.328 Hz. The comparison of natural frequency obtained by the SAP model and WSN system shows that the Wenhe Bridge is close to the initial state of unscouring. Finally, through the actual measurement of the infrastructure, the overburden depth of pier is close to the initial state, verifying that the overall standardization process is feasible. |
URI: | http://tdr.lib.ntu.edu.tw/jspui/handle/123456789/70244 |
DOI: | 10.6342/NTU201803299 |
全文授權: | 有償授權 |
顯示於系所單位: | 土木工程學系 |
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