精密金屬加工與工具機虛實整合之創新商業模式設計

Abstract

客製化最適切的產品與服務一直是人們最原始也都未曾變過的初衷。在農業時代的經濟環境與商業行為就都是客製化的產品生產與服務為主，受限於當時的科技限制，生產的數量並不多。隨者工業技術的發展與經濟全球化的關係，大量生產成為效率的最佳方式，而生產流水線的發明，使得標準化產品的大量生產成為製造的標準。這樣的方式，雖然滿足了生產製造的效率，但是使得需求都只能在標準產品中進行選擇，生產者因此不再掌握得到真實的需求。在供給方面，為追求最大效率與最低成本，生產基地移往要素成本相對低廉的國家與地區，使得市場與生產的落差加大，形成明顯的長鞭效應。 伴隨資通訊科技與網際網路的發達，縮短了溝通的距離與資訊的傳遞速度，不再透過實體，而是在網路的虛體可以及時完成，造就了近年來電子商務的迅速發展。但是虛體的電子商務發展仍與實體的生產製造沒有實際上的整合，因為產業外移的結果，讓本國生產空洞化，先進的國家意識到這樣的問題，因此整合資通訊科技與網路技術，提出工業再生產的觀念，在這樣的架構下，大量客製化變成可行也會成為趨勢。 本研究以精密金屬加工業與工具機業的虛實整合為題進行研究，運用網宇虛實整合系統的架構，大量客製化的精神，設計一個適合精密金屬加工業與工具業共享的創新的商業模式。

Customization and fitting products and service are the basic that people want to have, this is common in agricultural ages. However, under the technology development at that era, customized products and service are in small scale. With the industrial development and economic globalization, mass production becomes the main stream. It goes to the peak when automated product lines apply on manufacturing. The most efficiency way is to make standard products under the system. With economic globalization, manufacturing bases shift to low cost countries, customer can choose products within some limited items. There is a big gap between demand side and supply side. Bulls whip effect affects the supply chain lots. With the development of information technology and web service, decision making can be done on web without time lag, booming developing of internet business. There is no integration between internet business and manufacturing, advance countries shift their manufacturing industries to developing countries make themselves lack of basic manufacture power. Facing these facts, they integrate information and internet technology to do industrial reproduction. Under this new development and trend, mass customization can be achieved soon. This thesis apply the theory of Cyber-Physical Systems, Mass Customization on precision metal working industry and machine tools industry. Developing a creative new business model.