農業風險管理策略初探： 以臺灣農業保險制度為例

Abstract

農業價值鏈面臨各類風險，其中以颱風、豪雨等天然災害所致風險最常引發各界關切，因為從事初級生產的農民首當其衝，進而影響農產價格與數量波動，衍生上下游經營風險，進而影響民生消費。故本研究著重於天然災害所致農業風險。 臺灣發生天然災害頻率高，以往研究多認為不利發展農業保險，故主要以政府現金救助協助受災農民復耕復建，但隨著氣候變遷嚴重，農業保險議題及需求相應而生。現階段正值政府試辦農業保險，本研究從試辦經驗中進行探討，並參考國外農業保險制度推動經驗，期望對臺灣農業保險制度提出具體建議，作為施政參考。 本研究建議，臺灣農業風險管理政策應予轉化，依風險等級發展市場工具或政策工具。農業保險應採公私合作概念，營運模式可維持目前政策型及商業型農業保險之二元模式，惟宜建立專責主管機關，以統一事權及對農業風險做整體性規劃及管理，並建立危險分散機制，成立農業保險基金擔任風險池角色；另強化福利資源之盤點與調整、基礎工作之建置及法規佈建等配套措施，以利農業保險永續發展。

The risk caused by natural disasters, such as typhoon and torrential rain, is the most common cause of concern for all kinds of risks faced by agricultural value chains. As farmers engaged in primary production first to be affected, the prices and quantities of agricultural products fluctuate, and the risks of upstream and downstream operations are derived, and affect people's livelihood consumption. Therefore, this study focuses on agricultural risks caused by natural disasters. Taiwan has a high occurrence rate of natural disasters. In the past, most research considered unfavorable agricultural insurance. Therefore, they mainly assisted the affected farmers in rehabilitation with government subsidies. However, with the serious climate change, agricultural insurance issues and their needs came into being. At this stage, the government tries to run the agricultural insurance system. This study explores from the tentative experience and makes reference to the experience of the foreign agricultural insurance system. It hopes to make concrete suggestions on Taiwan's agricultural insurance system as a reference for its governance. This study suggests that Taiwan's agricultural risk management policies should be transformed to develop market instruments or policy instruments depending on the level of risk. Agricultural insurance should adopt the concept of public-private partnership and its operation mode can maintain the current dual mode of policy-based and commercial-type agricultural insurance. Set up an authority to unify the power and overall planning agricultural risks and to establish a risk sharing mechanism, the establishment of agricultural insurance fund as a risk pool role; strengthen the adjustment of welfare resources, the establishment of basic work and regulations to facilitate the sustainable development of agricultural insurance.