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標題: | 以斯洛伐克石筍記錄探討歐洲民族遷徙事件與氣候的可能關聯 The possible correlation between Europe tribal migration events and Slovakian stalagmite inferred hydroclimate records |
作者: | Wei Chen 陳暐 |
指導教授: | 沈川洲(Chuan-Chou Shen) |
關鍵字: | 民族遷徙,氧同位素,歐洲氣候,石筍, migration events,oxygen isotope,climate of Europe,speleothem, |
出版年 : | 2020 |
學位: | 碩士 |
摘要: | 過去許多研究顯示人類歷史上動亂及人口移動和氣候有密切相關,其中,造成羅馬帝國滅亡的外族入侵事件 (大遷徙時期) 被認為和降雨或/和溫度的變化有關。然而,過去研究多是利用西歐氣候代用指標紀錄,可能無法完全反映東歐的氣候狀況;此外,歐洲歷史上有數次類似遷徙事件,是否與氣候有關,迄今尚未明瞭。 本研究利用來自斯洛伐克中部Zlomiska Cave (48°59′22″N, 19°40′50″E) 的石筍重建東歐地區過去三千以來的氣候變化,其微量元素的Sr/Ca及Ba/Ca與δ18O分別可以代表冬季降水及冬季溫度的指標。總體而言,除了最近1000年內冬季降水顯著增加外,其他時期冬季降水變化不大,這和歐洲其他記錄相似。而在冬季溫度方面,δ18O顯示過去三千中有數段較冷的時期,發生在2.4-2.2 ka,1.7-1.4 ka及 1.1-0.9 ka,也這些冷事件亦可在東歐氣溫紀錄中被看到。 石筍記錄顯示過去三千年民族大遷徙和降雨變化關聯性較小。相反,所有入侵事件皆發生在嚴寒的冬季時期,顯示相對於降水變化,我們的結果更支持低溫和遷徙事件間有所關連。低溫不利於農業生產,迫使族群必須遷移,導致大規模的人口移動。 Past studies showed that many turmoil periods in European history might be related to climate variability. The alien invasion (The Great Migration Period), for example, accelerating the collapse of the Roman Empire, was suggested to be related to fluctuation on rainfall and/or temperature. However, West European climate proxies used in previous studies may not precisely reflect the climate conditions in Eastern Europe. In addition, the relationship between hydroclimate and some other chaotic events in European history remained elusive. In this study, stalagmites from Zlomiska Cave (48°59'22” N, 19°40'50” E), Central Slovakia was used to reconstruct the hydro-climate over the past 3 millennia. A robust age model was established by U-Th dating techniques. Stalagmite trace element ratios (Sr/Ca and Ba/Ca) and δ18O records are respectively used as the proxies of winter precipitation and temperature. Overall, except for the significant increase in the last 1000 years, winter precipitation remained stable, consistent with previous results in both Western and Eastern Europe. δ18O record reveals several cold periods, at 2.4 -2.2, 1.7-1.4, and 1.1-0.9 ka, consistent with temperature records in Eastern Europe. Slovakian stalagmite records show a weak correlation between historic invasion events and winter precipitation over the past 3 thousand years. In contrast, all intrusion events occurred during cold periods. The results suggest that the invasion events were more likely to be caused by events with cold winters instead of drought episodes. The decrease in winter temperature has negative effect on agricultural production and it could force large-scale population movement and ethnic conflict. |
URI: | http://tdr.lib.ntu.edu.tw/jspui/handle/123456789/70016 |
DOI: | 10.6342/NTU202003857 |
全文授權: | 有償授權 |
顯示於系所單位: | 地質科學系 |
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