導入建築資訊模型於電氣系統工程成本估算之實證研究

Abstract

建築資訊模型(以下簡稱BIM)是未來營建業的一大趨勢，目前國內已有部份公共統包工程要求導入BIM，無論在能源分析、不同專業之間的協同作業、衝突檢測以及物料數量輸出等都有可觀的成效。然而對於建築物機電工程設計單位而言，BIM技術的學習與適應會造成營運成本的額外負擔，導致現階段機電設計單位主動使用BIM的意願並不高，使得BIM在設計階段的工程數量與估價功能的發展相對更加受限。 傳統的機電工程之設計單位編列預算時，部份項目會採取模糊的乙式計價或槪算的方式，導致數量與成本與實際有落差，業主也無法掌握所有的數量及成本的來源依據。因此本研究希望透過實證研究的方式，利用BIM軟體Revit 2016對已完工案例建置模型，進而輸出更加明確電氣系統數量與金額，並進行差異分析與Revit軟體使用性探討。 本研究透過對高雄市南部災害應變中心之電氣系統建置BIM模型，輸出更明確的電氣系統設備及管線數量，以分析BIM於機電工程數量及成本計算之效果，把機電工程電氣系統中的部份槪算項目提升為細算項目，期許幫助業主利用BIM取得更詳細真實的機電工程成本，提升業主對機電設計單位之信任程度，並推動BIM作為機電工程設計工具之應用。 根據本研究結果，BIM在機電系統估價功能與模型繪製功能上尚有需要改善的地方，本研究透過BIM輸出電氣及弱電之設備、管線長度及管件數量，換算為輸出成本金額，結果顯示模型輸出之成本均較合約原始金額低，發現差異來源主要來自於管線長度與管另件，透過各項明細之結果分析以及探討傳統機電工程估算方式，發現過去機電設計單位有高估槪算項目金額的傾向。

Building information modeling (BIM) is considered as a major trend of the construction industry in the future. In some public turn-key projects have required implementation of BIM to help improve collaboration between different professions, conflict detection and material quantity takeoff (QTO), etc. However, for building electrical and mechanical engineering design department, the learning and adaptation of BIM technology will cause additional operating costs, and that will reduce the willingness to use BIM initiatively, and restrict the development of quantity estimation and evaluation during the design phase. When electrical and mechanical engineering design department doing budget, part of it would use indistinctly lump sum or rough estimate in traditional way, owner unable to master all of the source basis of quantity and cost. Therefore, this research could obtain more accurate quantity and cost of electrical system by using the model of completed cases that establish from Revit 2016, and conduct the analysis of differences and the use of Revit software. This study established a BIM model base on the disaster response center in southern Kaohsiung City. It can output more accurate quantity of equipment and pipeline of the electrical system, and also shows the result of quantity and cost for electrical and mechanical engineering by using BIM. Improving the lump sum items in the electrical and mechanical engineering electrical systems into actuarial items, and expect to help owners use BIM to obtain more accurate electrical engineering costs, increase owners’ trust in electrical and mechanical design department, and promote BIM as a design tool of electromechanical engineering. According to the results of this study, there is still room for improvement in modeling and appraise function of electrical and mechanical engineering. In this study, use BIM to transform quantity of electronic equipment and pipeline into costs. The results shows that the cost output from model is lower than the original contract, and these different come from the length of pipeline and related parts. Through the analysis of the detailed results and the exploration of traditional methods for mechanical and electrical engineering, it has been found that electromechanical design department overestimates the amount of the cost in the past.