交通設施對臺北市都市化區域三種外來椋鳥分布的影響

Abstract

人類的開發導致都市區域內所能觀察到的原生種鳥類越來越少，反觀外來種鳥類卻有增加的趨勢。外來種鳥類對於都市環境的耐受力強，且懂得利用交通設施與人造設施築巢，是外來種鳥類能在都市內建立穩定族群的原因。若能了解有哪些環境因子會影響外來種鳥類在都市化區域的分布，在外來種鳥類的防治上應會有一定程度的幫助。為了瞭解臺北市都市化區域外來種鳥類的分布，本研究以臺北市常見的外來種鳥類：白尾八哥、家八哥、輝椋鳥作為研究對象，在非繁殖季和繁殖季期間，針對臺北市人潮與車流量多的主要道路周邊進行調查，探討外來種鳥類在交通設施管洞的選擇上是否有所偏好、在臺北市的都市化區域是否有熱點存在、哪些環境因子（管洞分布、季節差異、與都市綠地距離、交通流量）會影響外來種鳥類在臺北市都市化區域的分布。結果顯示，外來種鳥類偏好使用方便進入且孔徑夠大的交通號誌管洞，牠們在臺北市的都市化區域確實有熱點存在。管洞分布與季節差異是影響外來種鳥類在臺北市都市化區域分布的主要因素。本研究發現於繁殖季，臺北市內可供築巢之交通設施與人造設施較多的區域是外來種鳥類的聚集熱點。根據本研究的結果期望能提供相關單位在都市化區域外來種鳥類防治策略參考。

Urban regions have less native avian species and abundance due to human developments that destroy their habitats. In contrast, these changes create suitable habitats for exotic species that are more adaptable to the homogenized environment and structures, such as traffic facilities for nesting. To reduce the invasion of these exotic species in urban areas, understanding the distribution and factors contributing to their success in urbanized areas is important. I studied the distribution of three exotic starling species, i.e., Acridotheres tristis, Acridotheres javanicus, and Aplonis panayensis, during 2016 non-breeding and 2017 breeding seasons in urbanization regions of Taipei with particular emphasis on their usages and preferences of traffic facilities. The results show that these exotic birds prefer to use traffic holes with apertures that are large enough for easy entering and distribution hotspots exist for these species, especially during the breeding season. The hotspots are highly related to the existence of the traffic holes that serve as nesting habitats for the starlings. To prevent the invasion of the exotic species in Taipei, I suggest closing the man-made structures of the traffic facilities.