國中生的同儕關係與攝取含糖飲料行為-社會網絡觀點

Abstract

背景 在現今社會中青少年含糖飲料的攝取量年年往上攀升，含糖飲料儼然成為他們生活的一部份，隨之而來的健康議題，如:飲料中的含糖量及過度攝取糖類造成的疾病等，也漸漸被人們關注。過去國內雖然有不少探討兒童及青少年攝取含糖飲料原因的研究，但其探討的內容多著重在青少年的含糖飲料的知識、態度、拒絕自我效能、可近性及社會支持等，鮮少有研究探討青少年在班級中所處的社會網絡位置對其含糖飲料攝取造成的影響，因此本研究欲探討同儕社會網絡關係在青少年含糖飲料使用上扮演何種角色以補足過去研究所缺乏的部分。 目的 了解國中生的同儕關係在其含糖飲料攝取上扮演何種角色，以期提供未來學校健康促進活動規劃之參考。 方法 本研究以立意取樣的方式招募台北市A國中九年級16個班共364名學生為研究樣本，並以結構性問卷的方式收集研究樣本的基本特性、過去研究中所提及影響青少年含糖飲料攝取之因子以及本研究新加入的同儕社會網絡關係的變項。在資料處理及分析方面以UCINET6進行同儕社會網絡關係之界定、SPSS18.0套裝軟體進行描述性統計、卡方檢定、獨立樣本T檢定、簡單羅吉斯迴歸分析、複羅吉斯迴歸分析。 結果 本研究發現當我們不考慮國中生之親近家人含糖飲料使用情形時，零用錢多寡、含糖飲料的喜好及態度、拒絕含糖飲料的自我效能、父母教育程度、是否為含糖飲料盛行率高之團體成員此五因素將顯著與個人每週含糖飲料攝取量是否超過4罐的機會有關；當我們考慮國中生之親近家人含糖飲料使用情形此因素時，將僅剩拒絕含糖飲料的自我效能、父母的教育程度、是否為含糖飲料盛行率高之團體成員與個人每週含糖飲料攝取量是否超過4罐的機會有關。 結論 未來在設計含糖飲料減量的學校健康促進方案時應同時考慮如何提升國中生含糖飲料拒絕自我效能、增進家長對含糖飲料的的正確認知以及了解含糖飲料對含糖飲料盛行率高之團體成員之意義，以期藉由三管齊下的方式達成含糖飲料減量之目標。

Background Nowadays, the amount of adolescents’sugar-sweetened beverages(SSBs) consumption is increasing, and sugar-sweetened beverages have become one part of their lives, so people are paying attention to the health impacts coming from them, such as added sugar in beverages and diseases coming from them. In the past, when we discussed about the factors that determine adolescents’ sugar-sweetened beverages consumption we usually focused on their knowledge, attitude, refusal efficacy, proximity and social support, etc. However, in Taiwan researchers seldom put social networks this item in when they explore the factors that determined adolescents’ sugar-sweetened beverages consumption, so this research want to know how social networks play in the adolescents’ sugar-sweetened beverages consumption behavior. Object Know how social networks play in the adolescents’ sugar-sweetened beverages consumption behavior, and give advices to future health promotion programs in school. Sample Purposive sampling is used to recruit 16 classes of 9th grade (364 participants) in Junior High School A in Taipei City as samples. Method Questionnaires are used to know basic characteristics and answers of the factors that may affect these samples’ sugar sweetened beverages consumption. Social network software, Ucinet6, is used to define the participants’ relationships with their classmates. SPSS18.0 is used to conduct descriptive statistics, Chi-square test, independent t test, and logistic regression. Result We found that if we don’t consider close family member’s SSBs consumption, adolescent’s pocket money, likeness and attitudes toward SSBs, reject self-efficacy toward SSBs, parents’ education status and if he or she belongs to high SSBs prevalence rate group these five factors are significant associated with the chance of his or hers SSBs consumption over 4 cans per week. However, when we put close family member’s SSBs consumption in, only the impact of adolescents’ reject self-efficacy toward SSBs, parents’ education status and if he or she belongs to high SSBs prevalence rate group these three factors will be leaved. Conclusion In the future, when we design health promotion program in junior high school to reduce adolescents’ SSBs consumption we should consider how to improve adolescents’ reject self-efficacy and parents’ knowledge of sugar-sweetened beverages. Besides, we should find out the meaning of sugar-sweetened beverages to the high SSBs prevalence rate group. By considering these three dimension we may have a chance to reach the goal of reducing adolescents’ SSBs consumption.