從生態電影中探討影響自然連結之因素

Abstract

本研究的目的為利用電影中對於人與自然關係的影像化描述，分析劇中人物如何在與自然的互動中產生連結，並著重在不同的自然環境與體驗類型。 自然連結是探討人與自然關係的概念之一，自然連結的建立有助於促使人們做出保護環境的行為。在自然環境中與自然的互動是影響自然連結的重要因素，在此雙重影響下，人們會產生不同的景觀知覺，促使其建立自然連結。本研究共選擇了6部反映保護自然或是與自然和諧共生題材的電影，從中截取33個片段。利用質性分析軟體Atlas.ti 7.0標註景觀類型和元素、體驗類型以及劇中人物之情緒感受和心理反應，通過關係網絡的建立了解這些因素之間的對應關係。研究結果發現，在原始的、不受人類活動影響的自然環境中，壯美奇特的景觀能夠喚起人們正向的情緒，給予其正向的體驗，如感受自然的美景，得到身心靈的放鬆或人生的啟發；而具有挑戰性的活動搭配險惡的自然環境條件，則會讓人產生各種與自我和環境相關的正負向情緒，進而感受到自然的偉大並對其產生敬畏之心。此外，進入「個人反思」的狀態也能有助於人們深入感受自然，建立與自然的連結。在自然體驗的過程中，與他人的互動也是促進自然連結建立的重要因素，同伴的引導可幫助人們獲得正向的體驗、學習對待自然的態度和方式，同時也起到模範的作用。除了自然環境可以促進與自然的連結外，自然遭受破壞的場景或是回到都市環境中，會引發人們負向的情緒，但同時也會作為一種催化劑喚起他們在自然體驗中的正向記憶，從而意識到內心與自然的情感連結。自然連結的建立是一個漸進的過程，是經由人們經歷的各種景觀知覺和心理認知的潛移默化而形成的，因此時常回歸自然仍然是建立自然連結不可忽視的部分。

The purpose of this study is to use ecological movies to analyze how the characters create the connection with nature and focus on different types of natural environment and nature experience. Nature connection is one of the concepts that explore the relationship between human and nature, which will promote people’s pro-environmental behavior. Interaction with nature in the natural environment is an important factor affecting the nature connection. A total of 6 ecological movies were selected from this study, as well as 33 fragments. Atlas.ti7.0 is used to annotate the landscape elements, the types of nature experience and the emotional feelings of the characters. Through the establishment of a relation network, the corresponding relationship among the three become clear. The study found that in the original natural environment, fantastic landscapes can make people produce positive perception like relaxing or inspiring the body and mind; having some challenges in the natural environment will produce a variety of positive and negative emotions related to both the self and the environment. Meanwhile, staying alone is also a good way to feel oneself connecting with nature. In the process of natural experience, social interaction is also an important factor in promoting nature connection. People like role model can help one gain a positive experience. In addition, this research also found that the scene of ruined nature or returning to the urban area, although may lead people to negative emotions, will also arouse the positive memories about nature, then evoke their inner emotional connection with nature. To connect with nature is an incremental process which is build up by all kinds of landscape perception or psychological cognition. Thus, back to nature frequently is still important and cannot be ignored.