混合實境技術於營建業應用之研究：技術面與人機介面議題之探討

Abstract

隨著軟體支援的層面越來越廣，硬體執行速度越來越快，虛擬實境(Virtual Reality, VR)這項發展二十餘年的技術得以在現今的環境實現。越來越多的產業希望透過虛擬實境的沉浸式(Immersive)呈現，提升執行效率甚至解決目前專案所遭遇到的問題。基於虛擬實境的技術發展下，又有擴增實境(Argument Reality)以及混合實境(Mixed Reality)兩種視覺化技術，本研究期望透過視覺化技術“混合實境”的功能開發，去探討其在營建產業的應用方向，以便未來能供營建業界參考。 在工程與圖說的發展中，從以往的2D CAD紙面，到近十年發展的建築資訊模型(Building Information Modeling)，以有效的將2D的點線面轉為3D模型，並且將數值資訊儲存在物件當中，以便後續使用者查詢。然而，BIM於工程上的應用還是較為限制，大型顧問公司、大型營造廠才有足夠的資源研發，對於中小型廠商來說處於弱勢。本研究實作混合實境的技術，提出開發流程，以Revit的建模技術為基礎，並匯入至Unity遊戲引擎上，期望透過較為簡單的開發方式，有效降低視覺化的開發成本，提供不同的發展途徑。 營建生命周期主要分為六個階段：可行性分析評估、規劃設計、招標發包、施工驗收、營運維護、整建拆除，本研究旨在以營建規劃設計階段的需求為例，針對混合實境所提供互動的特性，提供使用者能在已建築出的模型內進行直觀操作，包含各物件資訊展示、擺放自己喜好的格局及物品，並加強使用者對於未來使用空間的認知，提出一個混合實境的初步系統架構。 此外，本研究探討混合實境技術於營建產業應用的機會，將與營建業不同導向的主管進行專家訪談(包含顧問公司、營造公司、廣告公司等)，藉由實際操作軟硬體以及影片介紹，使其更加了解其技術，並透過專家反饋分析各階段應用之需求以及軟硬體問題及改善內容，建議後續研究方向及產業可應用的功能，以完善混合實境於營建業的應用系統。

With the software support multifunction and hardware can run faster and faster, Virtual Reality (VR), this technology has been developed for more than two decades can be implemented today. More and more industries hope to use virtual reality’s immersive display to improve the efficiency of implementation and solve the problems that they encountered in current projects. Based on the technology development of virtual reality, there are two more visualization technologies: Augmented Reality (AR) and Mixed Reality (MR). This research expects to use the new visualization technique “Mixed Reality” to develop some function and explore its application direction in the construction industry. And the construction industry can refer to what we provide in the future. Construction industries usually use 2D CAD for drawings. In recent year, Building Information Modeling develops and prepare to improve 2D CAD’s problem. At now, we can effectively convert 2D CAD to 3D model and store the numerical data in building objects. And then the user can inquire the information more easily. But only large-scale consulting and construction companies have sufficient resources for R&D. It’s difficult for small and medium-scale manufacturers to develop BIM technique. This research implements Mixed Reality technique and proposed the development process. It’s based on Revit’s model and loads the building model to Unity, one kind of game engine. We expect to use easier development mode to reduce the development cost of visualization and provide the different way to develop this new technique. Construction Life Cycle is divided into six phases. In this research, we focus on the phase of planning and design. We focus the interactive function that MR support and provide the function for the user to operate in the model intuitively, including the display of information on each object, designing their own layout. With this Mixed Reality system structure, the user can clearly cognize the place where they will use in the future.

In addition, this research explores the opportunities of Mixed Reality for the construction industry. We will conduct interviews with a different kind of construction company and let them understand what we do by using video and operation of software and hardware. After we get the feedback from the expert, we will suggest the research direction in the follow-up research to improve this Mixed Reality system.