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  1. NTU Theses and Dissertations Repository
  2. 電機資訊學院
  3. 資訊網路與多媒體研究所
請用此 Handle URI 來引用此文件: http://tdr.lib.ntu.edu.tw/jspui/handle/123456789/68360
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dc.contributor.advisor洪士灝
dc.contributor.authorKong-Yu Shiuen
dc.contributor.author許恭瑜zh_TW
dc.date.accessioned2021-06-17T02:18:41Z-
dc.date.available2027-08-21
dc.date.copyright2017-08-31
dc.date.issued2017
dc.date.submitted2017-08-21
dc.identifier.citation[1] Red Hat, Inc. Overcommitting with KVM. https://access.redhat. com/documentation/en-US/Red_Hat_Enterprise_Linux/6/html/ Virtualization_Administration_Guide/chap-Virtualization- Tips_and_tricks-Overcommitting_with_KVM.html. 

[2] B. Abali, R. J. Eickemeyer, H. Franke, C.-S. Li, and M. A. Taubenblatt. Disaggregated and optically interconnected memory: when will it be cost effective? arXiv preprint arXiv:1503.01416, 2015. 

[3] A. Badam. Bridging the Memory-Storage Gap. PhD thesis, October 2012. 

[4] H.-H. Choi, K. Kim, and S.-J. Bae. A remote memory system for high performance data processing. International Journal of Future Computer and Communication, 4(1):50, 2015. 

[5] P. Daniel, C. Marco, et al. Understanding the linux kernel, 2007. 

[6] David A Rusling. Linux memory management. http://www.tldp.org/LDP/tlk/mm/memory.html. 

[7] A. C. de Melo. Ftrace interface for blktrace, 2009. 

[8] Dell’Oro Group. Ethernet Switch —Data Center Five Year Forecast Report. http://www.delloro.com/products-and-services/ethernet-switch- data-center. 

[9] Elorie Knilans. Composable Infrastructure: What is it? And why is it so Important? http://ats.avnet.com/na/en-us/news/Pages/Composable- Infrastructure-What-is-it-and-why-is-it-so-imporant.aspx. 

[10] P.X.Gao,A.Narayan,S.Karandikar,J.Carreira,S.Han,R.Agarwal,S.Ratnasamy, and S. Shenker. Network requirements for resource disaggregation. In OSDI, pages 249–264, 2016. 

[11] W. Gatliff. The linux kernel’s memory management unit api, 2002. 

[12] Gilad Shainer. 100 Gbps Headed For The Data Center. http: //www.networkcomputing.com/data-centers/100-gbps-headed-data- center/407619707. 

[13] J. Gu, Y. Lee, Y. Zhang, M. Chowdhury, and K. G. Shin. Efficient memory disaggregation with infiniswap. In NSDI, pages 649–667, 2017. 

[14] C. Guo, H. Wu, Z. Deng, G. Soni, J. Ye, J. Padhye, and M. Lipshteyn. Rdma over commodity ethernet at scale. In Proceedings of the 2016 conference on ACM SIG- COMM 2016 Conference, pages 202–215. ACM, 2016.
[15] Jens Axboe. Explicit block device plugging. https://lwn.net/Articles/ 438256/.
[16] J.-Y. Jung and S. Cho. Memorage: Emerging persistent ram based malleable main memory and storage architecture. In Proceedings of the 27th international ACM conference on International conference on supercomputing, pages 115–126. ACM, 2013.
[17] E. Kissel, M. Swany, B. Tierney, and E. Pouyoul. Efficient wide area data transfer protocols for 100 gbps networks and beyond. In Proceedings of the Third International Workshop on Network-Aware Data Management, page 3. ACM, 2013.
[18] Lars Wirzenius, Joanna Oja, Stephen Stafford, Alex Weeks. The Linux System Ad- ministrator’s Guide. http://www.tldp.org/LDP/sag/html/index.html. 

[19] C.-S. Li, H. Franke, C. Parris, B. Abali, M. Kesavan, and V. Chang. Composable architecture for rack scale big data computing. Future Generation Computer Systems, 67:180–193, 2017.
[20] K. Lim, Y. Turner, J. R. Santos, A. AuYoung, J. Chang, P. Ranganathan, and T. F. Wenisch. System-level implications of disaggregated memory. In High Performance Computer Architecture (HPCA), 2012 IEEE 18th International Symposium on, pages 1–12. IEEE, 2012.
[21] K. Liu, X. Zhang, K. Davis, and S. Jiang. Synergistic coupling of ssd and hard disk for qos-aware virtual memory. In 2013 IEEE International Symposium on Perfor- mance Analysis of Systems and Software (ISPASS), pages 24–33, April 2013.
[22] T. Newhall, S. Finney, K. Ganchev, and M. Spiegel. Nswap: A network swapping module for linux clusters. Euro-Par 2003 Parallel Processing, pages 1160–1169, 2003.
[23] RDMA Consortium. iSCSI Extensions for RDMA Specification (Version 1.0). 
http://www.rdmaconsortium.org/home/draft-ko-iwarp-iser-v1.PDF.
[24] S. Rostedt. Finding origins of latencies using ftrace. In 11th Real-Time Linux Work- shop, pages 28–30, 2009. 

[25] M.Saxena and M.M.Swift. Flashvm: Virtual memory management on flash. In Proceedings of the 2010 USENIX Conference on USENIX Annual Technical Conference, USENIXATC’10, pages 14–14, Berkeley, CA, USA, 2010. USENIX Association.
[26] J. Yang and J. Seymour. Pmbench: A micro-benchmark for profiling paging performance on a system with low-latency ssds. In Information Technology-New Generations, pages 627–633. Springer, 2018.
dc.identifier.urihttp://tdr.lib.ntu.edu.tw/jspui/handle/123456789/68360-
dc.description.abstract近年來,記憶體密集型工作在大規模和以數據為中心的應用程序中被廣泛的使用。不幸的是,當這些應用程序的工作集無法得到足夠的實際記憶體空間時,其執行的效能減少得非常多,這樣的現象會影響服務質量和用戶體驗。
而藉由現今高速的內部網路,提供了可行的解決方案使得使用節點之間閒置的實體記憶體在微秒等級的延遲和擁有50 Gbps的頻寬,以解決上述的問題。
在本論文中,我們測量了遠端記憶體頁面交換的延遲並分析了軟體層所造成的延遲消耗。通過分析,我們建立了一個詳細,現實且高度可配置的時間模型,這個時間模型可以用於評估遠端頁面交換架構。 給定一個應用程式和系統架構,時間模型就可以估計遠端頁面交換的效果,是一個可以提供給集群設計的指標。要如何分析和測量頁面錯誤的延遲時間困難點有二,首先,頁面錯誤是由Linux內核處理的異常訊號。第二,在Linux和硬件設備中,沒有直接和準確的方法來衡量頁面錯誤造成的延遲。
通過使用我們提出的方法,使用者可以分析Linux內核的頁面錯誤處理者和交換硬體所造成的效能損失。
在我們的環境實驗中,我們發現每個主頁故障的平均延遲是100.27us,使用HDD和20.975us使用RDMA。
通過使用在應用程式運行時收集的測量記錄,時間模型可以準確預估在使用HDD和RDMA這兩種交換硬體時,頁面交換上的時間,並且錯誤率在15%以下。
zh_TW
dc.description.abstractThe performance of the memory-intensive workloads deteriorate heavily when their working sets do not fully fit in the physical memory of a server, which impacts the quality of service and user experience.
Today's high-speed interconnection network, it is possible to implement a remote memory swapping mechanism for a node to use idle memories in other nodes with access latency in the order of microseconds which provides a viable solution to the aforementioned problem.
In this thesis, we measure the latency of remote memory swapping and analyze the overhead incurred in the software layers. With the analysis, we develop a detailed, realistic and highly configurable timing model for evaluating remote swapping architecture. Given an application workload and a system architecture, such as timing model can be used to the evaluating the effectiveness of remote swapping and guide the design of the cluster.
There are two main points that are hard to analyze and measure the penalty of the page faults. First, the page fault is an exception which is handled by Linux kernel.
Second, there is no direct and accurate way to measure the penalty that caused by page faults both in Linux and hardware devices.
In our experiments, we found the average latency of each major page fault is 100.27us using HDD and 20.975us using RDMA. The timing models we proposed are capable of modeling the swapping time for the cases of HDD and RDMA with an error rate of less than 15%.
en
dc.description.provenanceMade available in DSpace on 2021-06-17T02:18:41Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1
ntu-106-R04944031-1.pdf: 852002 bytes, checksum: 83d787c6bc86d0d4662a86acb1b073d7 (MD5)
Previous issue date: 2017
en
dc.description.tableofcontents誌謝 i
摘要 ii
Abstract iii
Chapter 1 Introduction 1
Chapter 2 Background and Related Work 5
. 2.1 Swap Mechanism and Page Fault Handler ................. 5 

. 2.2 Swapping Space and I/O Latency...................... 7 

. 2.3 High-speed Network and RDMA...................... 9 

. 2.4 Remote Swapping Architecture....................... 10 

. 2.5 Pmbench .................................. 10 

Chapter 3 Methodology 12
3.1 Overview of Our Remote Swap Framework ................ 12 3.2 Ftrace.................................... 14
3.3 Blktrace................................... 16
3.4 Cost of Performance ............................ 17
Chapter 4 Experiments and Results 19
4.1 Swap Latency................................ 19
4.2 Test Cases.................................. 20
Chapter 5 Conclusion and Future Work 24
Bibliography 25
dc.language.isoen
dc.subject遠端頁面交換zh_TW
dc.subjectRDMAzh_TW
dc.subject時間模型zh_TW
dc.subjectRDMAen
dc.subjectRemote Swapen
dc.subjectTiming Modelen
dc.title可組合系統中的RDMA SWAP的時間模型zh_TW
dc.titleTiming Model of RDMA Swap in Composable Systemsen
dc.typeThesis
dc.date.schoolyear105-2
dc.description.degree碩士
dc.contributor.oralexamcommittee廖世偉,涂嘉恒
dc.subject.keyword遠端頁面交換,RDMA,時間模型,zh_TW
dc.subject.keywordRemote Swap,RDMA,Timing Model,en
dc.relation.page27
dc.identifier.doi10.6342/NTU201704164
dc.rights.note有償授權
dc.date.accepted2017-08-22
dc.contributor.author-college電機資訊學院zh_TW
dc.contributor.author-dept資訊網路與多媒體研究所zh_TW
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