含共平面pi-共軛核心之小分子及高分子材料的設計與合成及其有機太陽能電池之應用

Abstract

多年來全球能源需求及環境汙染的議題一直不斷推動科學家發展可再生且永續的替代能源，而陽光直接轉化為電力的光伏技術被認為是最有希望的策略之一。有機光伏具有低成本、重量輕、可撓曲性以及低環境衝擊的生產過程的優勢而在科學界受到極大的關注，這些潛能也使得有機太陽能電池被視為可成為傳統矽基太陽能電池的替代品。 本論文的研究主軸為開發具共平面性多稠環核心的小分子及高分子材料，並將其應用於有機太陽能電池，內容著重於探討化學結構、材料基本性質與元件表現之間的關聯性。論文第一章簡略地綜述有機光伏，並主要強調吸光共軛材料的設計概念。第二章描述不同分子架構下具剛硬性共軛單元的小分子予體材料，及其真空蒸鍍製程的太陽能電池元件表現。其合成、基本光電性質和太陽能電池元件結果都將被詳述。第三章討論具有共平面性pi單元的對稱型小分子予體材料的合成、性質鑑定及其溼式製程有機太陽能電池之應用。第四章敘述基於多稠環結構所設計的電洞傳輸型和電子傳輸型高分子材料的合成和光電性質及其有機太陽能電池元件表現。以上研究工作系統性分析了化學結構-基本性質-元件性能之關係，將有助於高效率有機太陽能電池共軛材料的發展。

Over the years, the global demand for energy and the concerns of environmental issues have been driving scientists to develop renewable and sustainable energy resources. Photovoltaic technologies, which directly convert sunlight into electricity, are regarded as one of the most promising strategies to meet the requirements. Organic photovoltaics (OPVs) have attracted much attention from scientific community because of their potential advantages such as cost-effective fabrication, light weight and mechanical flexibility, and low environmental impact production which make them as alternative to the conventional silicon-based solar cells. The objective of this dissertation was the preparation of small-molecule and polymeric materials comprised of coplanar multi-fused pi-cores for application in organic solar cells (OSCs), with the focus on the discussion of chemical structure-fundamental properties-device performance correlations. Chapter 1 describes a brief introduction of OPVs and emphasizes design principles for photoactive materials. Chapter 2 presents small-molecule donor materials containing rigid pi-moieties with different molecular framework for use in vacuum-deposited OSCs. Their synthesis, optoelectronic properties and solar cell device performance are discussed. Chapter 3 comprises the synthesis and characterization of symmetric small-molecule donor materials with coplanar pi-units for solution-processed OSCs. Chapter 4 includes the design, synthesis and optoelectronic characterization of p-type and n-type polymeric materials based on multi-fused ring structures for solution-processed OSCs. These research efforts have elucidated the structure-property-performance relationship and contributed to the development of conjugated materials for high-performance OSCs.