請用此 Handle URI 來引用此文件:
http://tdr.lib.ntu.edu.tw/jspui/handle/123456789/67832完整後設資料紀錄
| DC 欄位 | 值 | 語言 |
|---|---|---|
| dc.contributor.advisor | 薛承輝(Chun-Hway Hsueh) | |
| dc.contributor.author | Wei-Ting Jhou | en |
| dc.contributor.author | 周葦葶 | zh_TW |
| dc.date.accessioned | 2021-06-17T01:52:35Z | - |
| dc.date.available | 2020-07-28 | |
| dc.date.copyright | 2017-07-28 | |
| dc.date.issued | 2017 | |
| dc.date.submitted | 2017-07-24 | |
| dc.identifier.citation | [1] S. Miyazaki, A. Ishida, Martensitic transformation and shape memory behavior in sputter-deposited TiNi-base thin films, Mat Sci Eng a-Struct 273 (1999) 106-133.
[2] D.J. Wever, A.G. Veldhuizen, J. de Vries, H.J. Busscher, D.R.A. Uges, J.R. van Horn, Electrochemical and surface characterization of a nickel-titanium alloy, Biomaterials 19(7-9) (1998) 761-769. [3] A. Biesiekierski, J. Wang, M.A.H. Gepreel, C. Wen, A new look at biomedical Ti-based shape memory alloys, Acta Biomater 8(5) (2012) 1661-1669. [4] N.B. Morgan, Medical shape memory alloy applications - the market and its products, Mat Sci Eng a-Struct 378(1-2) (2004) 16-23. [5] S.F. Hsieh, S.K. Wu, A study on ternary Ti-rich TiNiZr shape memory alloys, Mater Charact 41(4) (1998) 151-162. [6] K.V. Ramaiah, C.N. Saikrishna, Gouthama, S.K. Bhaumik, Microstructure and transformation behaviour of Ni75-XTiXPd25 high temperature shape memory alloys, J Alloy Compd 554 (2013) 319-326. [7] S.F. Hsieh, S.K. Wu, Martensitic transformation of quaternary Ti50.5-XNi49.5ZrX/2HfX/2 (X=020 at.%) shape memory alloys, Mater Charact 45(2) (2000) 143-152. [8] C.M. Hwang, C.M. Wayman, Compositional Dependence of Transformation Temperatures in Ternary Tinial and Tinife Alloys, Scripta Metall Mater 17(3) (1983) 381-384. [9] B. Chen, F.S. Liu, Phase transformation behavior and mechanical properties of Ti50Ni49-x Fe1Co (x) shape memory alloys, Rare Metals 32(3) (2013) 225-227. [10] Y.Q. Fu, W.M. Huang, H.J. Du, X. Huang, J.P. Tan, X.Y. Gao, Characterization of TiNi shape-memory alloy thin films for MEMS applications, Surf Coat Tech 145(1-3) (2001) 107-112. [11] Y.Q. Fu, H.J. Du, W.M. Huang, S. Zhang, M. Hu, TiNi-based thin films in MEMS applications: a review, Sensor Actuat a-Phys 112(2-3) (2004) 395-408. [12] M. Tomozawa, H.Y. Kim, S. Miyazaki, Shape memory behavior, and internal structure of Ti-Ni-Cu shape memory alloy thin films and their application for microactuators, Acta Mater 57(2) (2009) 441-452. [13] C. Chluba, W.W. Ge, R.L. de Miranda, J. Strobel, L. Kienle, E. Quandt, M. Wuttig, Ultralow-fatigue shape memory alloy films, Science 348(6238) (2015) 1004-1007. [14] K.T. Oh, U.H. Joo, G.H. Park, C.J. Hwang, K.N. Kim, Effect of silver addition on the properties of nickel-titanium alloys for dental application, J Biomed Mater Res B 76b(2) (2006) 306-314. [15] Y.F. Zheng, B.B. Zhang, B.L. Wang, Y.B. Wang, L. Li, Q.B. Yang, L.S. Cui, Introduction of antibacterial function into biomedical TiNi shape memory alloy by the addition of element Ag, Acta Biomater 7(6) (2011) 2758-2767. [16] C.Z. E. Quandt, Superelastic NiTi Thin Films for Medical Applications, Advances in Science and Technology 59 (2008) 190-197. [17] L.C. Chang, T.A. Read, Plastic Deformation and Diffusionless Phase Changes in Metals - the Gold-Cadmium Beta-Phase, T Am I Min Met Eng 191(1) (1951) 47-52. [18] M.W. Burkart, T.A. Read, Diffusionless Phase Change in the Indium-Thallium System, T Am I Min Met Eng 197(11) (1953) 1516-1524. [19] E. Hornbogen, G. Wassermann, Uber Den Einfluss Von Spannungen Und Das Auftreten Von Umwandlungsplastizitat Bei Der Beta-1-Beta-'-Umwandlung Des Messings, Z Metallkd 47(6) (1956) 427-433. [20] W.J. Buehler, R.C. Wiley, J.V. Gilfrich, Effect of Low-Temperature Phase Changes on Mechanical Properties of Alloys near Composition Tini, J Appl Phys 34(5) (1963) 1475-&. [21] J.M. Jani, M. Leary, A. Subic, M.A. Gibson, A review of shape memory alloy research, applications and opportunities, Mater Design 56 (2014) 1078-1113. [22] K. Otsuka, X. Ren, Physical metallurgy of Ti-Ni-based shape memory alloys, Prog Mater Sci 50(5) (2005) 511-678. [23] C.M. Wayman, Shape Memory Alloys, Mrs Bull 18(4) (1993) 49-56. [24] K. Otsuka, X.B. Ren, Recent developments in the research of shape memory alloys, Intermetallics 7(5) (1999) 511-528. [25] G.L. Fan, W. Chen, S. Yang, J.H. Zhu, X.B. Ren, K. Otsuka, Origin of abnormal multi-stage martensitic transformation behavior in aged Ni-rich Ti-Ni shape memory alloys, Acta Mater 52(14) (2004) 4351-4362. [26] L. Bataillard, J.E. Bidaux, R. Gotthard, Interaction between microstructure and multiple-step transformation in binary NiTi alloys using in-situ transmission electron microscopy observations, Philos Mag A 78(2) (1998) 327-344. [27] M.C. Carroll, C. Somsen, G. Eggeler, Multiple-step martensitic transformations in Ni-rich NiTi shape memory alloys, Scripta Mater 50(2) (2004) 187-192. [28] J. Khalil-Allafi, A. Dlouhy, G. Eggeler, Ni4Ti3-precipitation during aging of NiTi shape memory alloys and its influence on martensitic phase transformations, Acta Mater 50(17) (2002) 4255-4274. [29] J.W. Lee, B. Thomas, A. Rabiei, Microstructural study of titanium-palladium-nickel base thin film shape memory alloys, Thin Solid Films 500(1-2) (2006) 309-315. [30] T.H. Nam, T. Saburi, K. Shimizu, Cu-Content Dependence of Shape Memory Characteristics in Ti-Ni-Cu Alloys, Mater T Jim 31(11) (1990) 959-967. [31] S.J. Chun, J.P. Noh, J.T. Yeom, J.I. Kim, T.H. Nam, Martensitic transformation behavior of Ti-Ni-Ag alloys, Intermetallics 46 (2014) 91-96. [32] S. Ferraris, S. Spriano, Antibacterial titanium surfaces for medical implants, Mat Sci Eng C-Mater 61 (2016) 965-978. [33] M.J. Hajipour, K.M. Fromm, A.A. Ashkarran, D.J. de Aberasturi, I.R. de Larramendi, T. Rojo, V. Serpooshan, W.J. Parak, M. Mahmoudi, Antibacterial properties of nanoparticles, Trends Biotechnol 30(10) (2012) 499-511. [34] V.S. Kumar, B.M. Nagaraja, V. Shashikala, A.H. Padmasri, S.S. Madhavendra, B.D. Raju, K.S.R. Rao, Highly efficient Ag/C catalyst prepared by electro-chemical deposition method in controlling microorganisms in water, J Mol Catal a-Chem 223(1-2) (2004) 313-319. [35] Q.L. Feng, J. Wu, G.Q. Chen, F.Z. Cui, T.N. Kim, J.O. Kim, A mechanistic study of the antibacterial effect of silver ions on Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus, J Biomed Mater Res 52(4) (2000) 662-668. [36] M. Rai, A. Yadav, A. Gade, Silver nanoparticles as a new generation of antimicrobials, Biotechnol Adv 27(1) (2009) 76-83. [37] J.R. Scott, T.C. Barnett, Surface proteins of gram-positive bacteria and how they get there, Annu Rev Microbiol 60 (2006) 397-423. [38] I.S. Roberts, The biochemistry and genetics of capsular polysaccharide production in bacteria, Annu Rev Microbiol 50 (1996) 285-315. [39] I. Raad, R. Hachem, A. Zermeno, M. Dumo, G.P. Bodey, In vitro antimicrobial efficacy of silver iontophoretic catheter, Biomaterials 17(11) (1996) 1055-1059. [40] J. Qu, X. Lu, D. Li, Y.H. Ding, Y. Leng, J. Weng, S.X. Qu, B. Feng, F. Watari, Silver/hydroxyapatite composite coatings on porous titanium surfaces by sol-gel method, J Biomed Mater Res B 97b(1) (2011) 40-48. [41] A.T. Shay DE, Mantz RF, The antibacterial effects of some dental restorative materials, J Dent Res 35 (1956) 25-32. [42] R. Dueland, J.A. Spadaro, B.A. Rahn, Silver Antibacterial Bone-Cement - Comparison with Gentamicin in Experimental Osteomyelitis, Clin Orthop Relat R (169) (1982) 264-268. [43] P. Gong, H.M. Li, X.X. He, K.M. Wang, J.B. Hu, W.H. Tan, S.C. Zhang, X.H. Yang, Preparation and antibacterial activity of Fe3O4@Ag nanoparticles, Nanotechnology 18(28) (2007). [44] F. Furno, K.S. Morley, B. Wong, B.L. Sharp, P.L. Arnold, S.M. Howdle, R. Bayston, P.D. Brown, P.D. Winship, H.J. Reid, Silver nanoparticles and polymeric medical devices: a new approach to prevention of infection?, J Antimicrob Chemoth 54(6) (2004) 1019-1024. [45] F. Heidenau, W. Mittelmeier, R. Detsch, M. Haenle, F. Stenzel, G. Ziegler, H. Gollwitzer, A novel antibacterial titania coating: Metal ion toxicity and in vitro surface colonization, J Mater Sci-Mater M 16(10) (2005) 883-888. [46] T. Shirai, H. Tsuchiya, T. Shimizu, K. Ohtani, Y. Zen, K. Tomita, Prevention of Pin Tract Infection with Titanium-Copper Alloys, J Biomed Mater Res B 91b(1) (2009) 373-380. [47] J. Liu, X.X. Zhang, H.Y. Wang, F.B. Li, M.Q. Li, K. Yang, E.L. Zhang, The antibacterial properties and biocompatibility of a Ti-Cu sintered alloy for biomedical application, Biomed Mater 9(2) (2014). [48] S.G. Chen, Y.J. Guo, S.J. Chen, Z.C. Ge, H.P. Yang, J.N. Tang, Fabrication of Cu/TiO2 nanocomposite: Toward an enhanced antibacterial performance in the absence of light, Mater Lett 83 (2012) 154-157. [49] J. Hardes, H. Ahrens, C. Gebert, A. Streitbuerger, H. Buerger, M. Erren, A. Gunsel, C. Wedemeyer, G. Saxler, W. Winkelmann, G. Gosheger, Lack of toxicological side-effects in silver-coated megaprostheses in humans, Biomaterials 28(18) (2007) 2869-2875. [50] G. Gosheger, J. Hardes, H. Ahrens, A. Streitburger, H. Buerger, M. Erren, A. Gunsel, F.H. Kemper, W. Winkelmann, C. von Eiff, Silver-coated megaendoprostheses in a rabbit model - an analysis of the infection rate and toxicological side effects, Biomaterials 25(24) (2004) 5547-5556. [51] J. Rungby, Experimental Argyrosis - Ultrastructural-Localization of Silver in Rat Eye, Exp Mol Pathol 45(1) (1986) 22-30. [52] K.S. Tweden, J.D. Cameron, A.J. Razzouk, W.R. Holmberg, S.J. Kelly, Biocompatibility of silver-modified polyester for antimicrobial protection of prosthetic valves, J Heart Valve Dis 6(5) (1997) 553-561. [53] A.B. de la Riviere, K.M.E. Dossche, D.E. Birnbaum, R. Hacker, First clinical experience with a mechanical valve with silver coating, J Heart Valve Dis 9(1) (2000) 123-129. [54] M. Ahamed, M.S. AlSalhi, M.K.J. Siddiqui, Silver nanoparticle applications and human health, Clin Chim Acta 411(23-24) (2010) 1841-1848. [55] L.M. Gaetke, C.K. Chow, Copper toxicity, oxidative stress, and antioxidant nutrients, Toxicology 189(1-2) (2003) 147-163. [56] H.F. Li, K.J. Qiu, F.Y. Zhou, L. Li, Y.F. Zheng, Design and development of novel antibacterial Ti-Ni-Cu shape memory alloys for biomedical application, Sci Rep-Uk 6 (2016). [57] B.M. Prabhu, S.F. Ali, R.C. Murdock, S.M. Hussain, M. Srivatsan, Copper nanoparticles exert size and concentration dependent toxicity on somatosensory neurons of rat, Nanotoxicology 4(2) (2010) 150-160. [58] B.M. Cao, Y.D. Zheng, T.F. Xi, C.C. Zhang, W.H. Song, K. Burugapalli, H. Yang, Y.X. Ma, Concentration-dependent cytotoxicity of copper ions on mouse fibroblasts in vitro: effects of copper ion release from TCu380A vs TCu220C intra-uterine devices, Biomed Microdevices 14(4) (2012) 709-720. [59] M.C. Cortizo, M.F.L. De Mele, Cytotoxicity of copper ions released from metal - Variation with the exposure period and concentration gradients, Biol Trace Elem Res 102(1-3) (2004) 129-141. [60] Y. Liu, H. Xiang, Apparent modulus of elasticity of near-equiatomic NiTi, J Alloy Compd 270(1-2) (1998) 154-159. [61] H.E. Kim S, Choy K, Joldaz M, Foleyz J, Wood R, Micro artificial muscle fiber using niti spring for soft robotics, In: IEEE/RSJ international conference on intelligent robots and systems, (2009) 2228-2234. [62] L.G. Machado, M.A. Savi, Medical applications of shape memory alloys, Braz J Med Biol Res 36(6) (2003) 683-691. [63] H.H. Huang, Corrosion resistance of stressed NiTi and stainless steel orthodontic wires in acid artificial saliva, J Biomed Mater Res A 66a(4) (2003) 829-839. [64] P.K. Chan, Acylation with diangeloyl groups at C21-22 positions in triterpenoid saponins is essential for cytotoxcity towards tumor cells, Biochem Pharmacol 73(3) (2007) 341-350. [65] A. Ishida, M. Sato, K. Ogawa, K. Yamada, Shape memory behavior of Ti-Ni-Cu thin films, Mat Sci Eng a-Struct 438 (2006) 683-686. [66] J.H. Kim, K.T. Jung, J.P. Noh, G.B. Cho, S. Miyazaki, T.H. Nam, Martensitic transformation behavior of Ti-Ni-Sn alloys, J Alloy Compd 577 (2013) S200-S204. [67] S.F. Hsieh, S.K. Wu, H.C. Lin, C.H. Yang, Transformation sequence and second phases in ternary Ti-Ni-W shape memory alloys with less than 2 at % W, J Alloy Compd 387(1-2) (2005) 121-127. [68] A.W. Burton, K. Ong, T. Rea, I.Y. Chan, On the estimation of average crystallite size of zeolites from the Scherrer equation: A critical evaluation of its application to zeolites with one-dimensional pore systems, Micropor Mesopor Mat 117(1-2) (2009) 75-90. [69] A. Ishida, M. Sato, Z.Y. Gao, Effects of Ti content on microstructure and shape memory behavior of TixNi(84.5-x)Cu15.5 (x=44.6-55.4) thin films, Acta Mater 69 (2014) 292-300. [70] A. Ewald, S.K. Gluckermann, R. Thull, U. Gbureck, Antimicrobial titanium/silver PVD coatings on titanium, Biomed Eng Online 5 (2006). [71] A. Gupta, M. Maynes, S. Silver, Effects of halides on plasmid-mediated silver resistance in Escherichia coli, Appl Environ Microb 64(12) (1998) 5042-5045. [72] J.P. Ruparelia, A.K. Chatteriee, S.P. Duttagupta, S. Mukherji, Strain specificity in antimicrobial activity of silver and copper nanoparticles, Acta Biomater 4(3) (2008) 707-716. [73] N.M. Zain, A.G.F. Stapley, G. Shama, Green synthesis of silver and copper nanoparticles using ascorbic acid and chitosan for antimicrobial applications, Carbohyd Polym 112 (2014) 195-202. [74] Y.Z. Wan, S. Raman, F. He, Y. Huang, Surface modification of medical metals by ion implantation of silver and copper, Vacuum 81(9) (2007) 1114-1118. [75] M. Valodkar, S. Modi, A. Pal, S. Thakore, Synthesis and anti-bacterial activity of Cu, Ag and Cu-Ag alloy nanoparticles: A green approach, Mater Res Bull 46(3) (2011) 384-389. [76] K.Y. Yoon, J.H. Byeon, J.H. Park, J. Hwang, Susceptibility constants of Escherichia coli and Bacillus subtilis to silver and copper nanoparticles, Sci Total Environ 373(2-3) (2007) 572-575. [77] A. Panacek, L. Kvitek, R. Prucek, M. Kolar, R. Vecerova, N. Pizurova, V.K. Sharma, T. Nevecna, R. Zboril, Silver colloid nanoparticles: Synthesis, characterization, and their antibacterial activity, J Phys Chem B 110(33) (2006) 16248-16253. | |
| dc.identifier.uri | http://tdr.lib.ntu.edu.tw/jspui/handle/123456789/67832 | - |
| dc.description.abstract | 鈦鎳基形狀記憶合金(SMA)已被廣泛用於支架,義肢和矯正植入器。然而醫療器具植入後的細菌感染問題是最常見的併發症,因此開發具有抗菌效果的鈦鎳基形狀記憶合金材料是極為重要的。在本研究中,通過在鈦鎳基體中添加銀和銅,成功研製出新型具有抗菌效果的鈦鎳銅銀形狀記憶合金膜(SMAF)。鈦鎳銅銀形狀記憶合金膜的機械和生物學特性被系統化的研究,包括晶體結構,相變溫度,形狀記憶效應,抗菌能力和細胞毒性。結果表明,隨著銀含量的增加,銀開始析出以及相變溫度逐漸降低。透過DSC觀察結果發現,TiNiCu和TiNiCuAg1,薄膜中會發生一階相轉B2↔B19,而TiNiCuAg1.5,TiNiCuAg5.6 和TiNiCuAg7薄膜中發生二階相轉B2↔R↔B19'。此外,TiNiCuAg膜相較於TiNiCu膜具有更好的形狀記憶效應。且在L929細胞毒性測定的結果觀察到TiNiCuAg膜和TiNiCu膜對L929細胞並沒有顯示具有細胞毒性,說明了所有的膜都保持良好的生物相容性。而在抗菌試驗中觀察到TiNiCuAg膜相對於TiNi和TiNiCu膜對金黃色葡萄球菌(S. aureus)和大腸桿菌(E.coli)具有最好的抗菌能力。因此,良好的抗菌能力和生物相容性說明了鈦鎳銅銀形狀記憶薄膜具有應用在醫療植入器的潛力。 | zh_TW |
| dc.description.abstract | TiNi-based shape memory alloys (SMAs) have been largely utilized in stents, orthopedic endo-prostheses and orthodontic implants. While bacterial infection in medical implants is the most common complication, development of antibacterial TiNi-based SMAs is important. In the present study, a novel antibacterial TiNiCuAg shape memory alloy film (SMAF) was successfully developed by adding silver and copper into TiNi matrix. The mechanical and biological properties of TiNiCuAg SMAF, including crystal structures, phase transformation temperatures, shape memory effect, antibacterial ability and cell cytotoxicity were systematically investigated. The results exhibited that the phase transformation temperature gradually decreased and silver started to precipitate with the increasing silver content. The single-stage B2 ↔ B19’ transformation occurred in TiNiCu and TiNiCuAg1 films, while the two-stage B2 ↔ R ↔ B19’ transformation occurred in TiNiCuAg1.5, TiNiCuAg5.6 and TiNiCuAg7 films. Moreover, compared to TiNiCu films, TiNiCuAg films performed better shape memory effect. For cytotoxicity assay, all films maintained good biocompatibility and revealed no cell toxicity for L929 cells. For antibacterial tests, the TiNiCuAg films had the best antibacterial ability for S. aureus and E. coli compared to those of TiNi and TiNiCu films. As a result, excellent antibacterial ability and good biocompatibility suggested TiNiCuAg SMAFs had potential applications for medical implant to avoid bacterial infection. | en |
| dc.description.provenance | Made available in DSpace on 2021-06-17T01:52:35Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 ntu-106-R04527035-1.pdf: 6793552 bytes, checksum: 8aed3e61c2c8696b71a6c0a4f92645fd (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017 | en |
| dc.description.tableofcontents | 口試委員會審定書 #
誌謝 i 中文摘要 ii ABSTRACT iii CONTENTS iv LIST OF FIGURES vi LIST OF TABLES xi Chapter 1 Introduction 1 Chapter 2 Literature Review 3 2.1 Shape Memory Alloy 3 2.1.1 Shape memory effect 4 2.1.2 Superelasticity 5 2.2 TiNi-based shape memory alloy 2 2.2.1 One-stage phase transformation 3 2.2.2 Two-stage phase transformation 3 2.2.3 Multi-stage phase transformation 4 2.3 TiNiCu shape memory alloy films 5 2.4 TiNiAg shape memory alloy films 7 2.5 Antibacterial Effect 8 2.5.1 Antibacterial mechanism 8 2.5.2 Bacteria properties 9 2.5.3 Silver antibacterial effect 10 2.5.4 Copper antibacterial effect 12 2.6 Biocompatibility 13 2.6.1 Silver toxicity 13 2.6.2 Copper toxicity 14 2.7 Biomedical Applications 15 Chapter 3 Experimental Procedures 38 3.1 Materials Preperation 38 3.2 X-ray diffraction (XRD) 39 3.3 Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC) 39 3.4 Dynamic Mechanical Analyzer (DMA) 39 3.5 In vitro antibacterial activity test 40 3.6 In vitro cell cytotoxicity assay 40 3.7 Statistical analysis 41 Chapter 4 Results and Discussions 43 4.1 DSC Results 43 4.2 XRD Results 45 4.3 Shape memory behavior 45 4.4 In vitro antibacterial test 47 4.5 In vitro cytotoxicity assay 49 Chapter 5 Conclusions 72 REFERENCES 73 | |
| dc.language.iso | en | |
| dc.subject | 細胞毒性 | zh_TW |
| dc.subject | 抗菌效果 | zh_TW |
| dc.subject | 形狀記憶效果 | zh_TW |
| dc.subject | 形狀記憶薄膜 | zh_TW |
| dc.subject | 磁控濺鍍 | zh_TW |
| dc.subject | Shape memory film | en |
| dc.subject | Shape memory effect | en |
| dc.subject | Antibacterial effect | en |
| dc.subject | In vitro cytotoxicity assay | en |
| dc.subject | Magnetron Sputtering | en |
| dc.title | 新穎的抗菌鈦鎳銅銀形狀記憶薄膜在生物醫學應用之研究 | zh_TW |
| dc.title | Novel antibacterial TiNiCuAg shape memory alloy films for biomedical applications | en |
| dc.type | Thesis | |
| dc.date.schoolyear | 105-2 | |
| dc.description.degree | 碩士 | |
| dc.contributor.oralexamcommittee | 吳錫侃(Shyi-Kaan Wu),江皓森(Hao-Sen Chiang) | |
| dc.subject.keyword | 形狀記憶薄膜,形狀記憶效果,抗菌效果,細胞毒性,磁控濺鍍, | zh_TW |
| dc.subject.keyword | Shape memory film,Shape memory effect,Antibacterial effect,In vitro cytotoxicity assay,Magnetron Sputtering, | en |
| dc.relation.page | 77 | |
| dc.identifier.doi | 10.6342/NTU201701906 | |
| dc.rights.note | 有償授權 | |
| dc.date.accepted | 2017-07-24 | |
| dc.contributor.author-college | 工學院 | zh_TW |
| dc.contributor.author-dept | 材料科學與工程學研究所 | zh_TW |
| 顯示於系所單位: | 材料科學與工程學系 | |
文件中的檔案:
| 檔案 | 大小 | 格式 | |
|---|---|---|---|
| ntu-106-1.pdf 未授權公開取用 | 6.63 MB | Adobe PDF |
系統中的文件,除了特別指名其著作權條款之外,均受到著作權保護,並且保留所有的權利。
