中國學研機構與企業技術創新力之比較研究

Abstract

創新是社會經濟成長的動力，技術創新是創新過程中不可缺少的要素。中國對技術創新尤為重視，並且在全球技術創新生態中扮演了重要的角色。而中國技術創新的發展又離不開學研機構與企業兩大創新主體研發能力的提升。 本研究採用專利計量之方法，以中國學研機構、企業於 1981 年至 2014年獲准的美國專利為研究對象，將專利數量分析結合時間、地域、機構性質等維度，檢視中國專利的整體分佈，比較學研機構專利與企業專利的基本情況。透過專利引文分析與其他特性指標分析，構建模型探析不同專利權人與不同技術領域的專利活動特質及技術創新力。 本研究發現（1）2000 年、2006 年為中國專利成長之關鍵節點，並逐漸由傳統產業領域轉向新興技術領域；（2）學研機構專利偏重傳統產業，企業更重新興技術產業；（3）從整體發展情況上看，學研機構技術創新能力相對下降，企業方面中外企與民企技術創新能力提升，而國企則呈現低迷態勢。

While innovation is the force behind the economic growth of our society, the technological innovation is the inevitable factor of innovating process. China, which has placed great emphasis on technological innovation, plays an important role in the global ecosystem of technological innovation. The progress of technological innovation in China, meanwhile, is inseparable from the growing research and development ability of its academic research institutions and enterprises. This study applies patent bibliometrics, targeting Chinese academic research institutions and enterprises patents issued between 1981 and 2014 in USPTO, and combines the analysis of quantity with multiple dimensions of the relevant timing, geographic regions and the nature of entities, to examine the status of Chinese patent, in its entirety, through the lens of comparison between the academic research and enterprise patents. This paper establishes a model, based on an analysis of patent citations and other specific indexes, to further explore and analyze the characteristics of different patent holders in relation to patent activities in different fields regarding the technological innovation capability. The major findings of the study are summarized as follows. (1) Two turning points of China's patents growth appeared in year 2000 and 2006. (2)While academic research institutions attend more to traditional industries, enterprises emphasize more on next generation technologies. (3) Overall speaking, the technological innovation capability of academic research institutions underperform in relative sense; and in the enterprise realm, foreign and private-owned enterprises show growth in technological innovation capability, while state-owned enterprises lack thereof.