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標題: | 以水–能源–糧食交織建構因應氣候變遷與都市化之永續韌性城市 Constructing sustainable and resilient cities to adapt to climate change and urbanization under water-energy-food nexus |
作者: | Shang-Keng Liu 劉尚庚 |
指導教授: | 闕蓓德(Pei-Te Chiueh) |
關鍵字: | 水-能源-糧食永續韌性設施,空間分析,設施能力模擬,生命週期評估,多目標最佳化, Water-Energy-Food sustainable and resilient infrastructures,spatial analysis,simulation of facility capability,life cycle assessment,multi-objective optimization, |
出版年 : | 2020 |
學位: | 碩士 |
摘要: | 水、能源、糧食(Water-Energy-Food, WEF)為人類生存不可或缺的資源,彼此之間存在著交織鏈結的關係,又被稱為水-能源-糧食鏈結(Water-Energy-Food Nexus, WEF Nexus)。近年來受到快速都市化的影響,居住於都市的人口逐年增加,又因為氣候變遷導致洪水或乾旱等天災頻傳,因此都市可能面臨WEF資源短缺與淹水災害等風險。本研究欲建立永續韌性城市規劃方法與模型,以臺北市高人口密度區為研究區域,模擬於都市可利用空間中設置水-能源-糧食永續韌性設施(WEF Sustainable and Resilient Infrastructures, WEFSRI),在WEF Nexus的架構之下整合空間分析、設施能力模擬與生命週期評估,以水、能源、糧食效益指標、溫室氣體減量及海綿城市為目標,利用多目標最佳化方法建立最佳效益之空間配置模型,建構因應氣候變遷與都市化之永續韌性城市。 本研究規劃設置之WEFSRI包含生態滯留單元(Bioretention Cell, BRC)、透水鋪面(Permeable Pavement, PP)、建築物雨水收集系統(Building Rainwater Harvesting, BRWH)、太陽光電系統(Photovoltaic System , PVS)以及都市農業(Urban Agriculture, UA),依據永續韌性城市之發展指標進行最佳化分析。研究結果顯示,水、能源、糧食效益指標、溫室氣體減量及海綿城市目標達成率最佳解分別為37.37%、14.04%、1.22 %、18.30 %以及81.69 %,於都市中設置WEFSRI對於水及能源效益指標、溫室氣體減量及海綿城市目標皆有良好之效益,但對於糧食系統之效益有限。在設施之空間配置上,僅可設置單一類型WEFSRI的空間使用率皆為100%,地面需最佳化分配之空間100%分配設置為BRC,屋頂需最佳化分配之空間100%分配設置為PVS,而UA於地面及屋頂空間的面積分配結果皆為0%,這是因為UA本身雖然具有正面效益,但相較於BRC及PVS來說其效益相對小很多。此外,依據人口推估預測模型顯示,未來研究區域內之人口將呈現負成長之趨勢,因此水、能源、糧食效益指標會逐年上升。最後,根據敏感度分析結果顯示,最優先推行的政策應為設置BRWH,而提高PVS發電效率是具有最高效益之技術革新項目,至於生命週期參數中PVS-panel對於整體系統之影響最大,其製程與使用材料最應優先改良。本研究以系統分析量化與WEF Nexus和氣候變遷相關的都市發展指標,建立最佳化模型,為永續韌性城市之規劃提供整合性的量化評估與決策工具。 Water, energy, and food (Water-Energy-Food, WEF) are indispensable resources for humans’ subsistence, and they have the connection of interlaced nexus, which is also called “Water-Energy-Food Nexus, WEF Nexus.” The rapid urbanization along with changing climates in the recent years exacerbate the natural disasters such as floods and droughts on a more frequent basis. As a consequence, metropolitan cities started encountering risks of WEF shortage and greater effects of natural disasters than used to be. This study aims to establish program methods and models on the sustainable and resilient city to simulate the implementation of WEF Sustainable and Resilient Infrastructures (WEFSRI) in available urban space by integrating spatial analysis, facility capability simulation, and life cycle assessment in the WEF Nexus framework. Take densely populated city, Taipei, as a case study. With WEF benefit indexes, greenhouse gases (GHG) reduction and sponge city as targets, we take a multi-objective optimization approach to establish an optimal spatial allocation model to establish a sustainable city resilient to climate change and urbanization. The WEFSRI discussed in this study include bioretention cell (BRC), permeable pavement (PP), building rainwater harvesting (BRWH), photovoltaic system (PVS), and urban agriculture (UA). This study carried out the optimization analysis based on the development goals of sustainable and resilient city. The research results indicate that the optimum solution to water benefit index, energy benefit index, food benefit index, GHG reduction, and sponge city are 37.37%, 14.04%, 1.22%, 18.30%, and 81.69%, respectively. Constructing WEFSRI in urban area can definitely benefit the water, energy, GHG reduction and sponge city whereas it does not show obvious results for food. The result of space allocation is that all the spaces suitable for a single type of WEFSRI have a 100% utilization rate. The ground spaces that require an optimal allocation of 100% as assigned as BRC. Similarly, the roof spaces require an optimal allocation of 100% as assigned as PVS. However, all these spaces on the ground and roof were allocated as 0% as assigned as UA. It proves that UA is beneficial, yet the benefits are much less significant than BRC and PVS. Moreover, according to the indication of population projections models, the population in the study area is likely to show a decreasing trend in the future, thus, WEF benefit index would increase gradually. Based on the sensitivity analysis, the prior policy to carry out should be make arrangements for BRWH. With regard to technological innovation, promoting the power generation efficiency of PVS has the highest benefit. As for life cycles of WEFSRI, the used materials of PVS-panel should be the priority to improve. In this study, we used system analysis to quantify the goals related to WEF Nexus and climate change to establish an optimization model, which could be used as a quantitative assessment and decision-making tool for sustainable and resilient urban planning. |
URI: | http://tdr.lib.ntu.edu.tw/jspui/handle/123456789/67716 |
DOI: | 10.6342/NTU202003492 |
全文授權: | 有償授權 |
顯示於系所單位: | 環境工程學研究所 |
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