北京地區高齡者社會支持之城鄉比較研究

Abstract

摘要 在人退休後走向生命週期晚期，邁入老年階段時，隨著身體條件和經濟水準衰退，其在經濟安全、醫療健康、社會參與、心理等不同層面產生更多實際生活需求。伴隨社會發展，政府部門應用於高齡者的政策和支持亦不斷完善，高齡者在公部門及私部門都獲得不同類型的社會支持。在全球逐年增長的高齡化趨勢下，中國面臨嚴峻的人口老化問題。歷經多年的現代化發展後，中國大陸的經濟水帄和社會發展都有較大的轉變。為探究中國高齡者所受社會支持是否存在城鄉差異，本研究從政策核心發源地北京出發，以社會支持理論角度，瞭解北京地區老年人實際生活現況及所受社會支持狀況，檢視政府政策服務方案是否因城市及鄉村的地緣因素存在差異，進而描述出城鄉兩地區高齡者所受社會支持系統樣貌。 研究資料來自針對北京都市核心地區及城郊新區老年人之半結構式訪談作為素材，研究者基於城市視角，通過城市及鄉村兩地訪談中的資料蒐集，瞭解針對高齡者養老核心需求及因應狀況。研究結果顯示，北京市針對城市地區及鄉村地區高齡補貼計劃總體相同，但在養老保險水帄、周邊醫療資源豐富度、工會福利補貼三個方面存在差異，城市地區高齡者享受較佳的社會資源。鄉村地區高齡者通過更為緊密的人際關係脈絡及情感連結，以鄰里及親朋互助、代際支持等形式，補足正式支持系統不足之生活需求。

Abstract When people retire to the late life cycle and enter the old age stage, with the decline of physical conditions and economic level, they will have more real life demands in different aspects such as economic security, medical health, social participation and psychology. With the development of society, the policies and support of government departments for the elderly are constantly improved. The elderly receive different types of social support in both public and private sectors. With the increasing trend of aging in the world, China is faced with the serious problem of aging population. After years of modernization, the economic level and social development of mainland China have undergone great changes. To explore Chinese by social support if there is a difference between urban and rural areas, neuropsychology, starting from the policy core home to Beijing, this study on the social support theory point of view, to study the status of the elderly in Beijing real life and the social support by, examine whether the government's policy service scheme with differences between city and the country's geopolitical factors, and then describe the social support system of urban and rural areas of the two suffered. The research data were collected from semi-structured interviews with the elderly in Beijing's urban core areas and suburban new areas. The data collected from the interviews in urban and rural areas were collected to understand the core needs and response of the elderly for the elderly. The research results show that the old age subsidy plan for urban areas and rural areas in Beijing is the same on the whole, but there are differences in the endowment insurance level, the abundance of surrounding medical resources, and the welfare subsidy for trade unions. The elderly in urban areas enjoy better social resources. The elderly in rural areas make up for the lack of formal support system through closer interpersonal relationships and emotional connections, in the form of neighborhood, family, mutual assistance and intergenerational support.