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標題: | 空氣品質維護區之移動源污染減量策略 Traffic Source Restriction Policy in Air Quality Maintenance Area |
作者: | Chao-Pu Chen 陳炤璞 |
指導教授: | 闕蓓德(Pei-Te Chiueh) |
關鍵字: | 空氣品質維護區,移動源污染,健康影響評估,低污染排放區,空氣品質模式, Air quality maintenance area,Traffic,Health impact assessment,Low emission zone,Dispersion model, |
出版年 : | 2020 |
學位: | 碩士 |
摘要: | 空氣污染為各國政府及人民關注的議題,長期暴露於空氣污染對人體健康具有危害性並造成生命損失,我國政府於民國107年修正了<空氣污染防制法>,藉成立空氣品質維護區,管制高污染車輛以減少移動源污染的排放量,改善空氣品質。然而我國於移動源管制措施、移動源模擬相關的研究較少,在研究資料及措施評估不齊全之情況下,快速推行空氣品質維護區相關措施可能招致民眾反彈而受阻。 本研究目的為建立適用於我國空氣品質維護區之概念架構,並按現有法規探討管制措施施行後,空氣污染濃度減量之效果,最終以健康影響評估量化空氣品質改善可減少之死亡人數。本文之研究地點為台中市,首先盤查研究區域移動源污染排放佔比,結合半定量風險分析進行空氣品質維護區選址;管制措施以車輛出廠期數作為減量情境設定基礎,規定當交通運具使用達一定年限時需遵守加嚴排放標準;空氣品質模擬時採用AERMOD,進行移動源污染之增量模擬,並探討管制措施施行後,移動源排放之細懸浮微粒(PM2.5)以及氮氧化物(NOx)相較於基準情境濃度減量情形。結果顯示當空氣品質維護區施行後,在最佳情境下,移動源產生之細懸浮微粒年平均濃度減量可達71.8%,氮氧化物年平均濃度減量可達93.3%;以流行病學模式評估細懸浮微粒減量對於研究區域居民健康的影響,在最佳情境下可降低1.5%之細懸浮微粒全因致死率,研究區域內每年約有96人可避免死於空氣污染之相關疾病。 本研究建立適用於我國之空氣品質維護區之評估流程,並以現有可行之管制措施,評估移動源污染排放量降低對於研究範圍內居民之健康效益,可作為政府機關規劃空氣品質維護區政策,以及降低移動源污染評估之參考依據。 Long-term exposure to air pollution is hazardous to human health and causes loss of life. Improving air quality has become a critical issue for governments around the world. Our government revised the “Air Pollution Control Law” in 2018, by establishing air quality maintenance zone, it is hoped that the emission of mobile source pollution will be reduced to improved air quality through vehicle emission restriction. However, there are few studies on vehicle emission restriction, and Taiwan’s literatures on vehicle emission sources is also limited. There is an urgent need to conduct relevant research on air quality maintenance area to persuade the public and prove that it is effective to improve air quality by restricting vehicle emission sources. The aims of this study were to establish a conceptual framework of air quality maintenance area and discuss the expected impacts, including air quality and health effects. This study first used qualitative risk analysis to select high-risk areas affected by vehicle emission in Taichung City, and assumed four future scenarios based on regulations. We evaluated PM2.5 and NOx concentrations by AERMOD model and then estimated reduced all-cause mortality of PM2.5. The results showed that the most stringent scenario would lower the average PM2.5 concentration by 71.8%, and lower the average NOx concentration by 93.3%. In one year, this stringent scenario could prevent 96 deaths (-1.5%) from PM2.5. This study established conceptual framework of air quality maintenance area for Taiwan government, demonstrating a series of evaluation process based on real data, and presented the benefits of improving air quality. In general, this study can be used as a reference basis for the government to implement air quality maintenance areas. |
URI: | http://tdr.lib.ntu.edu.tw/jspui/handle/123456789/67172 |
DOI: | 10.6342/NTU202003593 |
全文授權: | 有償授權 |
顯示於系所單位: | 環境工程學研究所 |
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U0001-1608202016544300.pdf 目前未授權公開取用 | 4.89 MB | Adobe PDF |
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