從國土空間結構規劃看台灣交通建設的發展

Abstract

國土為國家發展與人民生存之根本，國土的永續發展為國家長治久安之所繫。台灣國土面積約三萬六千平方公里，人口約二千三百萬人；地狹人稠，土地資源非常有限。近年來隨著政治、經濟、社會、科技等多方面發展，不但生活和生產所需的土地取得有了困難，而且連同生態環境亦遭受破壞。 本文試圖以國土空間結構引導交通建設體系之發展。首先從台灣工程建設的歷史脈絡切入，說明台灣工程建設的演進。其次，分析國土空間結構的發展歷程，依據該空間結構「三軸、海環、離島」的階層，循序針對海空運輸系統、軌道運輸系統、公路運輸系統，檢視台灣已完成、正在執行或規劃中的交通建設，是否與國土空間結構有衝突或牴觸的地方。 因應全球化城市競爭、產業經濟分工與資訊時代來臨，台灣在全球的空間網絡定位，交通運輸系統亟需整體規劃與考量。理論架構除了自然環境變遷外，並涵蓋政治經濟分析、交通需求導向、綠色人本、災害防治與維護管理、生態保育、工程建設之生命週期、城鄉風貌與建築美學，以及先進國家科技前瞻等觀點。 文末，將國土規劃與交通建設之發展歷程、歷史脈絡，以及因果關係予以彙整，提出結論與建議。

Land is the fundamental of national development and survival of the people. Taiwan's land area is about 36,000 square kilometers, the population is about 23 million citizens, and land resources are very limited. In recent years, with the political, economic, social, technological aspects varying, not only the people are difficult to live, but also the ecological environment is destroyed. This paper attempts to guide the development of transportation construction by way of national spatial structure. First, review the history and the evolution about Taiwan's construction. Second, analyse the process of national spatial structure, which based on' three axises, the sea ring, the islands'. Then, sequential for the aviation, voyage, railway, highway transportation system, check up the completed, ongoing or planning of Taiwan's transportation construction, whether is conflict to the spatial structure or not. Theoretical framework included the natural environment change, political economic analysis, traffic demand-oriented, people-friendly, disaster prevention and maintenance management, eco-conservation, the life cycle of construction, the landscape of urban and rural, architectural aesthetic, and the perspective project of advanced country. Finally, consolidate the relationship between the land-use plan and transportation construction. Meanwhile, propose the conclusion and recommendation.