探討吸菸行為背後的心理歷程及其與人格特質和生活品質的關係

Abstract

吸菸是現代流行病學的其中一個代表。隨著吸菸率增加，與吸菸相關的其它疾病之共病現象更引發了公共衛生領域的重視。然而近年來國內對吸菸的研究大多著重在菸害的防治，較少以心理學的角度去探討吸菸行為之所以持續的背後原因。但事實上心理學與菸的淵源相當深，自1960年代起便有學者以因素分析方法探討人們吸菸的理由，同時期也有許多研究，試圖瞭解吸菸者與非吸菸者在人格特質上的不同，第一個香菸(尼古丁)依賴量表便是當時的心理學者所發展。當生活品質的概念被發展出來並作為評估的指標以後，關於吸菸狀態與生活品質的相關研究更是不勝枚舉。以上三類議題在學界皆已經累積相當大量的研究成果。本研究試圖將原本兩兩相關的研究整合為一個包含三者的整體架構，以結構方程模式對吸菸行為、人格特質與生活品質做更全面的探討及嘗試提出解釋。研究一首先進行測量工具的翻譯與驗證其信效度；研究二進一步以吸菸動機作為人格特質與吸菸行為之中介變項，說明特質如何藉由不同動機反應出相同行為；研究三則針對神經質人格的可能成癮模式，以結構方程模式討論人格特質、吸菸行為如何影響生活品質，並進行整體模型的分析與討論。

Smoking is the forefront representation of common epidemiology. With the increasing rate of smoking and the co-morbidity of diseases related to smoking, it brings public health to the researcher’s attention. Nevertheless, recent research on smoking in Taiwan has been focused on the prevention of smoking and it is uncommon to explore the mechanism of smoking behavior and addiction from a psychological standpoint. Despite that there has been a long and prominent history between the relationship of psychology and smoking, few researchers in Taiwan are interested in this topic. Since the 1960s, researchers abroad have been using factor analysis to study the reasons behind smoking. Many studies explored the relationship between personality and addiction; the first nicotine dependency scale was an invention of a psychologist. When the construct of quality of life had been developed as an evaluated index, related research of smoking status and quality of life became connected. The three topics mentioned above have had significant findings in the field. The present study attempts to consider smoking behavior, personality and quality of life within a single frame, and measure the relations simultaneously by structure equation model. In study 1, the measurement instrument had been translated and evaluated, results support the instrument have good reliability and validity. The second study uses the motivation behind smoking as a mediation variable between personality and smoking behavior, showing different personality forms the same behavior by different motives. Study 3 aims at the potential mediation model of neuroticism and explore how personality and smoking behaviors can affect the quality of life.