牙科綠化方式對病患壓力減輕之效果比較

Abstract

前往牙科接受診療是種常見的生活經驗，但因診療過程所帶來的不適感易致壓力產生，甚至讓牙醫院所成為具有壓力氛圍的空間。因此目前坊間不斷嘗試改善醫療環境，使病患藉由舒適的室內配置，進而轉移對牙科診療壓力的注意力。室內綠化為一種常見的室內裝潢方式，許恒睿、陳惠美及張俊彥（2011）提及觀賞樟樹樹蔭景觀對於減緩牙科就診壓力具有正面效益，然而自然景觀的組成以色彩及形狀為主，除了色彩能提示自然之外，也可藉形狀判斷自然元素，分成幾何形及自然有機形。這兩種形狀已長期使用於室內裝飾來仿效自然元素的存在，亦有藉攝影更完整呈現自然景觀的原貌，因此本研究主要目的為了解病患觀賞四組不同寫實程度的圖像（綠色圖像、圓形幾何圖像、樹葉圖像及樹蔭照片）對其在接受牙醫診療過程之壓力減輕效果，並一併了解其個人特性、觀賞時間、偏好程度與觀看感受。而本研究的次要目的為同時檢定影響壓力的因子，以了解影響因子介入可能產生的差異。 研究地點選自於台北市的某牙醫診所，並在該診療室天花板張貼壁紙進行綠化裝飾，讓病患彷彿身處一片綠意下接受診療。本研究問卷內容主要包含個人特性、壓力感受測量（疼痛感、恐懼感、緊張感）、觀賞時間、觀賞偏好及感受、過去觀看經驗等共五部分。本研究為避免重覆觀看經驗干擾診療當下的壓力程度，因此將重覆觀看者剔除後，共獲得346份有效問卷。研究結果顯示，無論觀賞何種圖像皆可降低受訪者的疼痛、恐懼與緊張感，且三項壓力指標於觀賞綠色圖像時與對照組達顯著差異。至於含有圖像內容的其他三組實驗，僅能顯著降低恐懼感及緊張感。而在影響壓力的因子之檢定顯示，受訪者的性別、年齡、觀賞時間皆非為觀賞實驗組時影響壓力程度之因子。至於本研究觀看四組圖像的偏好程度皆非常高，且感受多為放鬆紓壓、舒服愉悅及清新自然等，顯示受訪者對於室內綠化裝飾具有一致性的喜好。本研究結果可提供給未來醫療院所室內裝潢配置之參考。

Getting surgery from dentist is the common experience of our life. But it will cause dental stress from making uncomfortable feeling in dental treatment, even let the dental clinic to become an uncomfortable environment. In recent years new methods have appeared tackle the issue of interior decoration in dental clinic. Therefore, it may change the clinic’s atmosphere and get comfortable feeling to shift the attention from dental stress. Greenery decoration is a kind of interior decoration, according to the study of Hsu, Chen & Chang (2011), they suggested that viewing the tree shade of camphor picture can reduce dental stress when patient were in dental surgery. However, the composition of nature landscape includes color and shape. Not only color, shape is also clear when people who want to determine the nature elements. There are two shapes in geometric and organic were using commonly in our life to prompt exist of nature element. Sometimes it can also prompt by taking photography to show the real nature views. The purposes of this study were to investigate the patients' stress reducing effects through views the ceiling with the four different realities of greenery decorations (pure green, circle of geometric, leafs & tree shade of camphor) in dental surgery room. Personal information, viewing times, preference and feeling were also investigated. The secondary purpose of this study was to identify the impact factors on stress reducing effects. This study was conducted at a dental clinic in Taipei. Experimental materials were putting on the ceiling. The questionnaire consists of five main parts. Participants rated three perceived effects of dental stress: pain relief, fear relief, and tension relief. Besides, their viewing times, preference, feelings and experience of viewing about the greenery decorations, as well as personal information were also collected. Exclude participants who have multi-viewing experience, three hundred and forty six patients viewed the greenery of four different ceiling wallpapers when they received dental treatment. The results revealed that viewing the four greenery decorations all can reduce dental stress and have significant difference between pure green picture group and control group on patients' three perceived effects of dental stress reduction. However, viewed the other three picture groups can only reduce the fear relief and tension relief significantly. In addition, gender, age and viewing times of participants were not the impact factor of these stresses reducing effects on experimental group. The respondents' preferences of the four greenery decorations were very high. Regarding the feelings of viewing greenery decorations most of them were positive, such as relaxed, comfortable and natural fresh. It indicated that uses color tone of green can receive same high positive feeling in hospital’s interior decoration. The result of this study could be useful to those who are responsible for designing interior decorations in hospital.