獨占廠商與跨期價格歧視

Abstract

一樣商品在不同時間點的售價相異，可視為廠商在進行差別取價，跨期差別取價(intertemporal price discrimination)已成為獨占廠商研究的一支，本文章引用Stokey分析跨期差別取價的模型，加上具個體基礎的成本結構設定，我們允許獨占廠商在連續時間裡兩次調整價格，推導出廠商不會囤積商品的結果。之後我們把消費者簡化成兩種類型，比較廠商的各種策略，討論廠商如何極大化利潤及不同策略對消費者的影響。最後我們將模型裡一般化的函數限縮成特定的形式，用以求出廠商定價的封閉解，並作比較靜態分析。 關鍵字：獨占、跨期差別取價、比較靜態分析

Merchandise which has different prices at different time can be considered as a sort of price discrimination. Related researches in literatures are called “intertemporal price discrimination.” In this paper, we extend the model Stokey analyzes intertemporal price discrimination with a more complicated cost function instead of constant cost. To simplify our analysis, monopolist is imposed to adjust price only twice in continuous-time framework, which lead to our first result that monopolist won’t have inventory. After first result, an extra assumption that there are only two types of consumers is added. We discuss how monopolist maximizes his profit under new assumption, and then we compare strategies monopolist may choose and how these strategies influence consumers. Finally, every generalized function in our model is replaced by a specific function form. A close solution of monopolist’s pricing and timing is derived to do comparative static analysis. Keywords: Monopoly, Intertemporal Price Discrimination, Comparative Static Analysis