請用此 Handle URI 來引用此文件:
http://tdr.lib.ntu.edu.tw/jspui/handle/123456789/65662
完整後設資料紀錄
DC 欄位 | 值 | 語言 |
---|---|---|
dc.contributor.advisor | 吳紀聖(Chi-Sheng Wu) | |
dc.contributor.author | Chien-Wei Lee | en |
dc.contributor.author | 李健瑋 | zh_TW |
dc.date.accessioned | 2021-06-16T23:57:00Z | - |
dc.date.available | 2022-12-31 | |
dc.date.copyright | 2012-07-27 | |
dc.date.issued | 2012 | |
dc.date.submitted | 2012-07-17 | |
dc.identifier.citation | 第七章 參考資料
1. A. Kudo, A. Tanaka, K. Domen, K.-i. Maruya, K.-i. Aika and T. Onishi, Photocatalytic decomposition of water over NiO---K4Nb6O17 catalyst. Journal of Catalysis, 111 (1988) 67-76. 2. K. Adachi, K. Ohta and T. Mizuno, Photocatalytic reduction of carbon dioxide to hydrocarbon using copper-loaded titanium dioxide. Solar Energy, 53 (1994) 187-190. 3. M. Anpo and M. Takeuchi, The design and development of highly reactive titanium oxide photocatalysts operating under visible light irradiation. Journal of Catalysis, 216 505-516. 4. E. L. D. Hebenstreit, W. Hebenstreit and U. Diebold, Structures of sulfur on TiO2(1 1 0) determined by scanning tunneling microscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and low-energy electron diffraction. Surface Science, 470 (2001) 347-360. 5. T. Ohno, M. Akiyoshi, T. Umebayashi, K. Asai, T. Mitsui and M. Matsumura, Preparation of S-doped TiO2 photocatalysts and their photocatalytic activities under visible light. Applied Catalysis A: General, 265 (2004) 115-121. 6. S. Sato, R. Nakamura and S. Abe, Visible-light sensitization of TiO2 photocatalysts by wet-method N doping. Applied Catalysis A: General, 284 (2005) 131-137. 7. I. H. Tseng, W.-C. Chang and J. C. S. Wu, Photoreduction of CO2 using sol–gel derived titania and titania-supported copper catalysts. Applied Catalysis B: Environmental, 37 (2002) 37-48. 8. T. Umebayashi, T. Yamaki, H. Itoh and K. Asai, Band gap narrowing of titanium dioxide by sulfur doping. Applied Physics Letters, 81 (2002) 454-456. 9. T. Yamaki, T. Umebayashi, T. Sumita, S. Yamamoto, M. Maekawa, A. Kawasuso and H. Itoh, Fluorine-doping in titanium dioxide by ion implantation technique. Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section B: Beam Interactions with Materials and Atoms, 206 (2003) 254-258. 10. H. Yamashita, M. Harada, J. Misaka, M. Takeuchi, K. Ikeue and M. Anpo, Degradation of propanol diluted in water under visible light irradiation using metal ion-implanted titanium dioxide photocatalysts. Journal of Photochemistry and Photobiology A: Chemistry, 148 (2002) 257-261. 11. Q. Zhang, Y. Li, E. A. Ackerman, M. Gajdardziska-Josifovska and H. Li, Visible light responsive iodine-doped TiO2 for photocatalytic reduction of CO2 to fuels. Applied Catalysis A: General, 400 (2011) 195-202. 12. J. Zhu, Z. Deng, F. Chen, J. Zhang, H. Chen, M. Anpo, J. Huang and L. Zhang, Hydrothermal doping method for preparation of Cr3+-TiO2 photocatalysts with concentration gradient distribution of Cr3+. Applied Catalysis B: Environmental, 62 (2006) 329-335. 13. T.-V. Nguyen, J. C. S. Wu and C.-H. Chiou, Photoreduction of CO2 over Ruthenium dye-sensitized TiO2-based catalysts under concentrated natural sunlight. Catalysis Communications, 9 (2008) 2073-2076. 14. H. C. V. N. J.M.Smith, M.M.Abbott, Introduction to Chemical Enginneering Thermodynamics. (2005) 694. 15. M. R. Elahifard, S. Rahimnejad, S. Haghighi and M. R. Gholami, Apatite-Coated Ag/AgBr/TiO2 Visible-Light Photocatalyst for Destruction of Bacteria. Journal of the American Chemical Society, 129 (2007) 9552-9553. 16. A. Erdöhelyi, M. Pásztor and F. Solymosi, Catalytic hydrogenation of CO2 over supported palladium. Journal of Catalysis, 98 (1986) 166-177. 17. A. Erdöhelyi and F. Solymosi, Effects of the support on the adsorption and dissociation of CO and on the reactivity of surface carbon on Rh catalysts. Journal of Catalysis, 84 (1983) 446-460. 18. M. Kishida, K. Umakoshi, J.-i. Ishiyama, H. Nagata and K. Wakabayashi, Hydrogenation of carbon dioxide over metal catalysts prepared using microemulsion. Catalysis Today, 29 (1996) 355-359. 19. F. Solymosi and A. Erdöhelyi, Decomposition of formic acid on supported Rh catalysts. Journal of Catalysis, 91 (1985) 327-337. 20. F. Solymosi, A. Erdöhelyi and M. Lancz, Surface interaction between H2 and CO2 over palladium on various supports. Journal of Catalysis, 95 (1985) 567-577. 21. A. Trovarelli, C. Mustazza, G. Dolcetti, J. Kasˇpar and M. Graziani, Carbon dioxide hydrogenation on rhodium supported on transition metal oxides: Effect of reduction temperature on product distribution. Applied Catalysis, 65 (1990) 129-142. 22. S. K. Biswas, J.-O. Baeg, B. B. Kale, R. K. Yadav, S.-J. Moon, K.-j. Kong and W.-W. So, An efficient visible-light active photocatalyst CuAlGaO4 for solar hydrogen production. Catalysis Communications, 12 (2011) 651-654. 23. D. M. Phairat Usubharatana, Amornvadee Veawab, and Paitoon Tontiwachwuthikul, Photocatalytic Process for CO2 Emission Reduction from Industrial Flue Gas Streams. Industrial and Engineering Chemistry Research, 45 (2006) 2558-2568. 24. A. Kudo, Photocatalyst materials for water splitting. Catalysis Surveys from Asia, 7 (2003) 31-38. 25. V. Brezová, A. Blažková, Ľ. Karpinský, J. Grošková, B. Havlínová, V. Jorík and M. Čeppan, Phenol decomposition using Mn+/TiO2 photocatalysts supported by the sol-gel technique on glass fibres. Journal of Photochemistry and Photobiology A: Chemistry, 109 (1997) 177-183. 26. W. Choi and M. R. Hoffmann, Kinetics and Mechanism of CCl4 Photoreductive Degradation on TiO2: The Role of Trichloromethyl Radical and Dichlorocarbene. The Journal of Physical Chemistry, 100 (1996) 2161-2169. 27. C. He, Y. Yu, X. Hu and A. Larbot, Influence of silver doping on the photocatalytic activity of titania films. Applied Surface Science, 200 (2002) 239-247. 28. K. Kato, A. Tsuzuki, Y. Torii, H. Taoda, T. Kato and Y. Butsugan, Morphology of thin anatase coatings prepared from alkoxide solutions containing organic polymer, affecting the photocatalytic decomposition of aqueous acetic acid. Journal of Materials Science, 30 (1995) 837-841. 29. V. Keller, P. Bernhardt and F. Garin, Photocatalytic oxidation of butyl acetate in vapor phase on TiO2, Pt/TiO2 and WO3/TiO2 catalysts. Journal of Catalysis, 215 (2003) 129-138. 30. A. J. Maira, K. L. Yeung, J. Soria, J. M. Coronado, C. Belver, C. Y. Lee and V. Augugliaro, Gas-phase photo-oxidation of toluene using nanometer-size TiO2 catalysts. Applied Catalysis B: Environmental, 29 (2001) 327-336. 31. Y. Ohko, A. Fujishima and K. Hashimoto, Kinetic Analysis of the Photocatalytic Degradation of Gas-Phase 2-Propanol under Mass Transport-Limited Conditions with a TiO2 Film Photocatalyst. The Journal of Physical Chemistry B, 102 (1998) 1724-1729. 32. E. Piera, J. A. Ayllon, X. Domenech and J. Peral, TiO2 deactivation during gas-phase photocatalytic oxidation of ethanol. Catalysis Today, 76 (2002) 259-270. 33. S. B. Kim, H. T. Hwang and S. C. Hong, Photocatalytic degradation of volatile organic compounds at the gas–solid interface of a TiO2 photocatalyst. Chemosphere, 48 (2002) 437-444. 34. E. M. Levin and H. F. McMurdie, Phase diagrams for ceramists, 1975 supplement1975, p. 35. U. Diebold, The surface science of titanium dioxide. Surface Science Reports, 48 (2003) 53-229. 36. R. Sanjines, H. Tang, H. Berger, F. Gozzo, G. Margaritondo and F. Levy, Electronic structure of anatase TiO<inf>2</inf> oxide. Journal of Applied Physics, 75 (1994) 2945-2951. 37. L. Kavan, M. Grätzel, S. E. Gilbert, C. Klemenz and H. J. Scheel, Electrochemical and Photoelectrochemical Investigation of Single-Crystal Anatase. Journal of the American Chemical Society, 118 (1996) 6716-6723. 38. A. Fujishima, T. N. Rao and D. A. Tryk, Titanium dioxide photocatalysis. Journal of Photochemistry and Photobiology C: Photochemistry Reviews, 1 (2000) 1-21. 39. M. R. Hoffmann, S. T. Martin, W. Choi and D. W. Bahnemann, Environmental Applications of Semiconductor Photocatalysis. Chemical Reviews, 95 (1995) 69-96. 40. R. Wang, K. Hashimoto, A. Fujishima, M. Chikuni, E. Kojima, A. Kitamura, M. Shimohigoshi and T. Watanabe, Light-induced amphiphilic surfaces. Nature, 388 (1997) 431-432. 41. T. Watanabe, A. Nakajima, R. Wang, M. Minabe, S. Koizumi, A. Fujishima and K. Hashimoto, Photocatalytic activity and photoinduced hydrophilicity of titanium dioxide coated glass. Thin Solid Films, 351 (1999) 260-263. 42. Z. Zhang, C.-C. Wang, R. Zakaria and J. Y. Ying, Role of Particle Size in Nanocrystalline TiO2-Based Photocatalysts. The Journal of Physical Chemistry B, 102 (1998) 10871-10878. 43. A. Di Paola, E. Garcı́a-López, S. Ikeda, G. Marcı̀, B. Ohtani and L. Palmisano, Photocatalytic degradation of organic compounds in aqueous systems by transition metal doped polycrystalline TiO2. Catalysis Today, 75 (2002) 87-93. 44. S. Ikeda, N. Sugiyama, B. Pal, G. Marci, L. Palmisano, H. Noguchi, K. Uosaki and B. Ohtani, Photocatalytic activity of transition-metal-loaded titanium(IV) oxide powders suspended in aqueous solutions: Correlation with electron-hole recombination kinetics. Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics, 3 (2001) 267-273. 45. R. Asahi, T. Morikawa, T. Ohwaki, K. Aoki and Y. Taga, Visible-Light Photocatalysis in Nitrogen-Doped Titanium Oxides. Science, 293 (2001) 269-271. 46. H. Robert, G. Andrei, S. Jarno, L. Vesa-Pekka and S. Patrik, Carbon doping of self-organized TiO 2 nanotube layers by thermal acetylene treatment. Nanotechnology, 18 (2007) 105604. 47. T. Umebayashi, T. Yamaki, S. Tanaka and K. Asai, Visible Light-Induced Degradation of Methylene Blue on S-doped TiO2. Chemistry Letters, 32 (2003) 330-331. 48. H. Yamashita, Y. Ichihashi, M. Takeuchi, S. Kishiguchi and M. Anpo, Characterization of metal ion-implanted titanium oxide photocatalysts operating under visible light irradiation. Journal of Synchrotron Radiation, 6 (1999) 451-452. 49. N. Sasirekha, S. J. S. Basha and K. Shanthi, Photocatalytic performance of Ru doped anatase mounted on silica for reduction of carbon dioxide. Applied Catalysis B: Environmental, 62 (2006) 169-180. 50. I. H. Tseng, J. C. S. Wu and H.-Y. Chou, Effects of sol–gel procedures on the photocatalysis of Cu/TiO2 in CO2 photoreduction. Journal of Catalysis, 221 (2004) 432-440. 51. M. Wentworth, A. V. Ruban and P. Horton, The Functional Significance of the Monomeric and Trimeric States of the Photosystem II Light Harvesting Complexes†. Biochemistry, 43 (2003) 501-509. 52. C. Yang, S. Boggasch, W. Haase and H. Paulsen, Thermal stability of trimeric light-harvesting chlorophyll a/b complex (LHCIIb) in liposomes of thylakoid lipids. Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Bioenergetics, 1757 (2006) 1642-1648. 53. Z. Liu, H. Yan, K. Wang, T. Kuang, J. Zhang, L. Gui, X. An and W. Chang, Crystal structure of spinach major light-harvesting complex at 2.72[thinsp]A resolution. Nature, 428 (2004) 287-292. 54. W. Khlbrandt and D. N. Wang, Three-dimensional structure of plant light-harvesting complex determined by electron crystallography. Nature, 350 (1991) 130-134. 55. T. Barros and W. Kühlbrandt, Crystallisation, structure and function of plant light-harvesting Complex II. Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Bioenergetics, 1787 (2009) 753-772. 56. D. W. LAWLOR, Limitation to Photosynthesis in Water‐stressed Leaves: Stomata vs. Metabolism and the Role of ATP. Annals of Botany, 89 (2002) 871-885. 57. 蔡金津, 奈米顆粒及薄膜之溶膠-凝膠技術. 化工資訊月刊, 第十五卷 (2001) 16-21 58. 藍啟仁, 二氧化碳的利用與相關化學處理技術發展的現況. 台電工程月刊, 572 期 (1996) 42-55. 59. P. Usubharatana, D. McMartin, A. Veawab and P. Tontiwachwuthikul, Photocatalytic process for CO2 emission reduction from industrial flue gas streams. Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research, 45 (2006) 2558-2568. 60. T. Inoue, A. Fujishima, S. Konishi and K. Honda, Photoelectrocatalytic reduction of carbon dioxide in aqueous suspensions of semiconductor powders. Nature, 277 (1979) 637-638. 61. N. Getoff, G. Scholes and J. Weiss, REDUCTION OF CARBON DIOXIDE IN AQUEOUS SOLUTIONS UNDER THE INFLUENCE OF RADIATION. Tetrahedron Letters, (1960) 17-23. 62. B. Akermark, U. Eklundwestlin, P. Baeckstrom and R. Lof, PHOTOCHEMICAL, METAL-PROMOTED REDUCTION OF CARBON-DIOXIDE AND FORMALDEHYDE IN AQUEOUS-SOLUTION. Acta Chemica Scandinavica Series B-Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, 34 (1980) 27-30. 63. S. Kaneco, H. Kurimoto, K. Ohta, T. Mizuno and A. Saji, Photocatalytic reduction of CO2 using TiO2 powders in liquid CO2 medium. Journal of Photochemistry and Photobiology A: Chemistry, 109 (1997) 59-63. 64. T. Mizuno, K. Adachi, K. Ohta and A. Saji, Effect of CO2 pressure on photocatalytic reduction of CO2 using TiO2 in aqueous solutions. Journal of Photochemistry and Photobiology A: Chemistry, 98 (1996) 87-90. 65. A. Henglein, M. Gutierrez and C. H. Fischer, PHOTOCHEMISTRY OF COLLOIDAL METAL SULFIDES .6. KINETICS OF INTERFACIAL REACTIONS AT ZNS-PARTICLES. Berichte Der Bunsen-Gesellschaft-Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics, 88 (1984) 170-175. 66. H. Yoneyama, Photoreduction of carbon dioxide on quantized semiconductor nanoparticles in solution. Catalysis Today, 39 (1997) 169-175. 67. K. Tennakone, Photoreduction of carbonic acid by mercury coated n-titanium dioxide. Solar Energy Materials, 10 (1984) 235-238. 68. M. Subrahmanyam, S. Kaneco and N. Alonso-Vante, A screening for the photo reduction of carbon dioxide supported on metal oxide catalysts for C1-C3 selectivity. Applied Catalysis B: Environmental, 23 (1999) 169-174. 69. S. Ichikawa, Chemical conversion of carbon dioxide by catalytic hydrogenation and room temperature photoelectrocatalysis. Energy Conversion and Management, 36 (1995) 613-616. 70. T.-f. Xie, D.-j. Wang, L.-j. Zhu, T.-j. Li and Y.-j. Xu, Application of surface photovoltage technique in photocatalysis studies on modified TiO2 photo-catalysts for photo-reduction of CO2. Materials Chemistry and Physics, 70 (2001) 103-106. 71. G. Q. Guan, T. Kida and A. Yoshida, Reduction of carbon dioxide with water under concentrated sunlight using photocatalyst combined with Fe-based catalyst. Applied Catalysis B-Environmental, 41 (2003) 387-396. 72. Y. Liu, B. Huang, Y. Dai, X. Zhang, X. Qin, M. Jiang and M.-H. Whangbo, Selective ethanol formation from photocatalytic reduction of carbon dioxide in water with BiVO4 photocatalyst. Catalysis Communications, 11 (2009) 210-213. 73. J. C. Hemminger, R. Carr and G. A. Somorjai, The photoassisted reaction of gaseous water and carbon dioxide adsorbed on the SrTiO3 (111) crystal face to form methane. Chemical Physics Letters, 57 (1978) 100-104. 74. A. Nishimura, N. Komatsu, G. Mitsui, M. Hirota and E. Hu, CO2 reforming into fuel using TiO2 photocatalyst and gas separation membrane. Catalysis Today, 148 (2009) 341-349. 75. M. Anpo, H. Yamashita, Y. Ichihashi, Y. Fujii and M. Honda, Photocatalytic Reduction of CO2 with H2O on Titanium Oxides Anchored within Micropores of Zeolites: Effects of the Structure of the Active Sites and the Addition of Pt. The Journal of Physical Chemistry B, 101 (1997) 2632-2636. 76. M. Anpo, H. Yamashita, K. Ikeue, Y. Fujii, S. G. Zhang, Y. Ichihashi, D. R. Park, Y. Suzuki, K. Koyano and T. Tatsumi, Photocatalytic reduction of CO2 with H2O on Ti-MCM-41 and Ti-MCM-48 mesoporous zeolite catalysts. Catalysis Today, 44 (1998) 327-332. 77. K. Ikeue, H. Yamashita, M. Anpo and T. Takewaki, Photocatalytic Reduction of CO2 with H2O on Ti−β Zeolite Photocatalysts: Effect of the Hydrophobic and Hydrophilic Properties. The Journal of Physical Chemistry B, 105 (2001) 8350-8355. 78. I. H. Tseng, W. C. Chang and J. C. S. Wu, Photoreduction of CO2 using sol-gel derived titania and titania-supported copper catalysts. Applied Catalysis B-Environmental, 37 (2002) 37-48. 79. Y. Ku, W.-H. Lee and W.-Y. Wang, Photocatalytic reduction of carbonate in aqueous solution by UV/TiO2 process. Journal of Molecular Catalysis A: Chemical, 212 (2004) 191-196. 80. N. Sasirekha, S. J. S. Basha and K. Shanthi, Photocatalytic performance of Ru doped anatase mounted on silica for reduction of carbon dioxide. Applied Catalysis B-Environmental, 62 (2006) 169-180. 81. P.-W. Pan and Y.-W. Chen, Photocatalytic reduction of carbon dioxide on NiO/InTaO4 under visible light irradiation. Catalysis Communications, 8 (2007) 1546-1549. 82. R. Hinogami, Y. Nakamura, S. Yae and Y. Nakato, An approach to ideal semiconductor electrodes for efficient photoelectrochemical reduction of carbon dioxide by modification with small metal particles. Journal of Physical Chemistry B, 102 (1998) 974-980. 83. Y. Kohno, H. Hayashi, S. Takenaka, T. Tanaka, T. Funabiki and S. Yoshida, Photo-enhanced reduction of carbon dioxide with hydrogen over Rh/TiO2. Journal of Photochemistry and Photobiology A: Chemistry, 126 (1999) 117-123. 84. C. C. Lo, C. H. Hung, C. S. Yuan and J. F. Wu, Photoreduction of carbon dioxide with H-2 and H2O over TiO2 and ZrO2 in a circulated photocatalytic reactor, in Solar Energy Materials and Solar Cells. 2007. 1765-1774. 85. K. Teramura, S.-i. Okuoka, H. Tsuneoka, T. Shishido and T. Tanaka, Photocatalytic reduction of CO2 using H2 as reductant over ATaO3 photocatalysts (A=Li, Na, K). Applied Catalysis B: Environmental, 96 (2010) 565-568. 86. Y. Takahara, J. N. Kondo, T. Takata, D. L. Lu and K. Domen, Mesoporous tantalum oxide. 1. Characterization and photocatalytic activity for the overall water decomposition. Chemistry of Materials, 13 (2001) 1194-1199. 87. Y. Kohno, T. Tanaka, T. Funabiki and S. Yoshida, Photoreduction of carbon dioxide with hydrogen over ZrO2. Chemical Communications, (1997) 841-842. 88. Y. Kohno, T. Tanaka, T. Funabiki and S. Yoshida, Photoreduction of CO2 with H2 over ZrO2. A study on interaction of hydrogen with photoexcited CO2. Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics, 2 (2000) 2635-2639. 89. K. Teramura, T. Tanaka, H. Ishikawa, Y. Kohno and T. Funabiki, Photocatalytic reduction of CO2 to CO in the presence of H-2 or CH4 as a reductant over MgO. Journal of Physical Chemistry B, 108 (2004) 346-354. 90. R. Konta, T. Ishii, H. Kato and A. Kudo, Photocatalytic Activities of Noble Metal Ion Doped SrTiO3 under Visible Light Irradiation. The Journal of Physical Chemistry B, 108 (2004) 8992-8995. 91. W. D. C. Wiley, Materials Science and Engineering: An Introduction. 7th Edition (2006) 68. 92. Materials science and engineering : an introduction, in Jr. WDC (editor), Materials science and engineering : an introduction,. Wiley, New York, w-1 ( 1994) 93. H. Haapala, The use of SEM/EDX for studying the distribution of air pollutants in the surroundings of the emission source. Environmental Pollution, 99 (1998) 94. C. B. C. D. B. Williams, Transmission Electron Microscopy. Springer, New York and London; 1996, p. 95. C. N. Satterfield, Heterogeneous Catalysis in Industrial Practice. (1991) 96. Author, Electron Spectroscopy for Chemical Analysis of Article, in D. G. C. B. D. Ratner(D. G. C. B. D. Ratner), Electron Spectroscopy for Chemical Analysis of Book, John Wiley & Sons, Inc.: New York. Yea, Number of Chapter, Pages. 97. R. Niishiro, R. Konta, H. Kato, W.-J. Chun, K. Asakura and A. Kudo, Photocatalytic O2 Evolution of Rhodium and Antimony-Codoped Rutile-Type TiO2 under Visible Light Irradiation. The Journal of Physical Chemistry C, 111 (2007) 17420-17426. 98. P. Grimaldi, L. Di Giambattista, S. Giordani, I. Udroiu, D. Pozzi, S. Gaudenzi, A. Bedini, C. Giliberti, R. Palomba and A. Congiu Castellano, Ultrasound-mediated structural changes in cells revealed by FTIR spectroscopy: A contribution to the optimization of gene and drug delivery. Spectrochimica Acta Part A: Molecular and Biomolecular Spectroscopy, 84 (2011) 74-85. 99. C. Kötting, J. Güldenhaupt and K. Gerwert, Time-resolved FTIR spectroscopy for monitoring protein dynamics exemplified by functional studies of Ras protein bound to a lipid bilayer. Chemical Physics, 396 (2012) 72-83. 100. C.-H. Lin and H. Bai, Adsorption Behavior of Moisture over a Vanadia/Titania Catalyst: A Study for the Selective Catalytic Reduction Process. Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research, 43 (2004) 5983-5988. 101. F. Boccuzzi, A. Chiorino, S. Tsubota and M. Haruta, FTIR Study of Carbon Monoxide Oxidation and Scrambling at Room Temperature over Gold Supported on ZnO and TiO2. 2. The Journal of Physical Chemistry, 100 (1996) 3625-3631. 102. N. Nomura, T. Tagawa and S. Goto, In situ FTIR study on hydrogenation of carbon dioxide over titania-supported copper catalysts. Applied Catalysis A: General, 166 (1998) 321-326. 103. K. K. Bando, K. Sayama, H. Kusama, K. Okabe and H. Arakawa, In-situ FT-IR study on CO2 hydrogenation over Cu catalysts supported on SiO2, Al2O3, and TiO2. Applied Catalysis A: General, 165 (1997) 391-409. 104. L. F. Liao, C. F. Lien, D. L. Shieh, M. T. Chen and J. L. Lin, FTIR Study of Adsorption and Photoassisted Oxygen Isotopic Exchange of Carbon Monoxide, Carbon Dioxide, Carbonate, and Formate on TiO2. The Journal of Physical Chemistry B, 106 (2002) 11240-11245. 105. C.-A. Chang, B. Ray, D. K. Paul, D. Demydov and K. J. Klabunde, Photocatalytic reaction of acetaldehyde over SrTiO3 nanoparticles. Journal of Molecular Catalysis A: Chemical, 281 (2008) 99-106. 106. J. M. Coronado, S. Kataoka, I. Tejedor-Tejedor and M. A. Anderson, Dynamic phenomena during the photocatalytic oxidation of ethanol and acetone over nanocrystalline TiO2: simultaneous FTIR analysis of gas and surface species. Journal of Catalysis, 219 (2003) 219-230. 107. F. Boccuzzi, A. Chiorino and M. Manzoli, FTIR study of methanol decomposition on gold catalyst for fuel cells. Journal of Power Sources, 118 (2003) 304-310. 108. P. F. Rossi and G. Busca, Microcalorimetric and FT-IR spectroscopic study of the adsorption of methanol on TiO2 (anatase). Colloids and Surfaces, 16 (1985) 95-102. 109. J. Araña, C. Garriga i Cabo, J. M. Doña-Rodrı́guez, O. González-Dı́az, J. A. Herrera-Melián and J. Pérez-Peña, FTIR study of formic acid interaction with TiO2 and TiO2 doped with Pd and Cu in photocatalytic processes. Applied Surface Science, 239 (2004) 60-71. 110. J. E. Rekoske and M. A. Barteau, Competition between Acetaldehyde and Crotonaldehyde during Adsorption and Reaction on Anatase and Rutile Titanium Dioxide. Langmuir, 15 (1999) 2061-2070. 111. G. Busca and V. Lorenzelli, Infrared spectroscopic identification of species arising from reactive adsorption of carbon oxides on metal oxide surfaces. Materials Chemistry, 7 (1982) 89-126. 112. O. K. Varghese, M. Paulose, T. J. LaTempa and C. A. Grimes, High-Rate Solar Photocatalytic Conversion of CO2 and Water Vapor to Hydrocarbon Fuels. Nano Letters, 9 (2009) 731-737. 113. O. Ozcan, F. Yukruk, E. U. Akkaya and D. Uner, Dye sensitized CO2 reduction over pure and platinized TiO2. Topics in Catalysis, 44 (2007) 523-528. 114. C. D. Wagner, Handbook of X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy. Surface And Interface Analysis 3(1981) 115. C.-C. Yang, Y.-H. Yu, B. van der Linden, J. C. S. Wu and G. Mul, Artificial Photosynthesis over Crystalline TiO2-Based Catalysts: Fact or Fiction? Journal of the American Chemical Society, 132 (2010) 8398-8406. 116. K. Hadjiivanov, V. Bushev, M. Kantcheva and D. Klissurski, Infrared spectroscopy study of the species arising during nitrogen dioxide adsorption on titania (anatase). Langmuir, 10 (1994) 464-471. 117. Rask, oacute and J, FTIR study of the photoinduced dissociation of CO_2 on titania-supported noble metals. Catalysis Letters, 56 (1998) 11-15. 118. R. Zhang, Y. Sun and S. Peng, In situ FTIR studies of methanol adsorption and dehydrogenation over Cu/SiO2 catalyst. Fuel, 81 (2002) 1619-1624. 119. T. Tromholt, M. Manceau, M. Helgesen, J. E. Carlé and F. C. Krebs, Degradation of semiconducting polymers by concentrated sunlight. Solar Energy Materials and Solar Cells, 95 (2011) 1308-1314. | |
dc.identifier.uri | http://tdr.lib.ntu.edu.tw/jspui/handle/123456789/65662 | - |
dc.description.abstract | Light harvesting complex (LHCⅡ)葉綠素蛋白質複合體是一種有助於光吸收的複合物,其包含了chlorophyll a 和chlorophyll b。從活體菠菜植物體中萃取出來並修飾於二氧化鈦光觸媒表面,並將其運用在液相反應氣中以300W氙燈進行光催化還原二氧化碳反應。反應六小時後,CO產量可到達3.43 μmol/g,Acetaldehyde 產量可到達19.2 μmol/g,Methyl formate 產量1.53 μmol/g。相較於其他使用二氧化鈦做光觸媒團隊,本研究有更多種的二氧化碳還原產物,而且有更高的還原產量。本研究以實驗證實LHCⅡ物質本身具有光穩定與熱穩定性,不會在反應過程中受光照或受熱而變性或分解。
以氫氣的添加提升二氧化碳還原的效果是第二部分研究。氫氣的添加有利於反應平衡向產物,由理論推測較小自由能的反應平衡常數較高,使反應較容易平衡向產物移動。本研究終極目標是要利用太陽光水分解反應產生的氫氣進行二氧化碳還原,然而在目前產氫效果不佳情形下以額外添加氫氣當作氫能量的來源。本研究以固態熔融法合成CuAlGaO4光觸媒,為了增加對氫氣的吸附以及減緩電子電洞再結合的速度,以初濕含浸法負載銠金屬,另外再以光沉積法負載白金金屬。以添加氫氣的光催化還原反應為實驗組,未添加氫氣做對照組。在液相反應器中進行六小時的還原反應,結果發現以銠金屬作為共觸媒可以得到一氧化碳、甲醇、乙醇等產物,加氫氣未能改變其產物的類型但提升了反應的產率。於反應一開始測得的一氧化碳中間產物說明了反應方向是二氧化碳的還原而非可能的有機物降解反應。氫氣的添加反應六小時後可以讓甲醇產率達到7.38 μmol/g。乙醇產率達到9.36 μmol/g。對比白金金屬於光催化還原二氧化碳僅能得到CO和甲醇兩種產物,而添加氫氣僅在CO中間產物的部分有一倍提升,甲醇則沒有明顯產率的提升。而還原二氧化碳除了期望做到二氧化碳減量以外,進一步要將其轉成有用的能源,因此選銠觸媒作為氫化反應的共觸媒。為了確認反應的準確度,本研究除了參考文獻,確定以銠金屬作共觸媒能藉由氫化反應將二氧化碳轉成醇類外,也做了原位傅利葉轉換紅外線偵測,除了與GC偵測結果相互印證外,也希望進一步了解可能的反應過程。 | zh_TW |
dc.description.abstract | Light harvesting complex (LHCⅡ) which was extracted from green plants could enhance the visible light absorbance. It gave an idea that attaching the LHCⅡmaterial to the surface of TiO2 series catalysts might get a good efficiency in reducing CO2. In this research, we prove the concept with following experiments. Two kinds of photo catalysts, TiO2:Rh and TiO2:Rh-LHCⅡwere used to reducing CO2 in slurry system. After six hours reaction, the yield of CO could reach 3.43 μmol/g, acetaldehyde could reach 19.2μmol/g and methyl formate could reach 1.53μmol/g with TiO2:Rh-LHCⅡcatalysts which was nine to ten times enhancement in acetaldehyde. Four times increase in methyl formate compared to TiO2:Rh. Use FTIR and APCI/MS analysis to investigate the mechanism of the photo reaction.
The second part of the research was to enhance the efficiency of CO2 reduction with hydrogen. Hydrogen involving in the photo reaction could give a smaller ΔG value comparing to which was without hydrogen. In the research, we dedicated ourselves to finding a catalyst which could utilize hydrogen to reduce CO2 efficiently. We loaded rhodium and platinum by impregnation and photodeposition method on CuAlGaO4 respectively. Some groups prove that the two kinds of cocatalyst have better efficiency in utilizing hydrogen. CuAlGaO4 was chosen as the photocatalyst which was synthesized by solid state method. The result showed that the yield of methanol could reach 7.38μmol/g and the yield of ethanol could reach 9.36μmol/g after six hours photo reaction. What we expect was not only to reduce CO2 but also to transform it to useful fuels. FT-IR analysis was to check the result of the photoreaction and gave a possible reaction mechanism. | en |
dc.description.provenance | Made available in DSpace on 2021-06-16T23:57:00Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 ntu-101-R99524013-1.pdf: 5910186 bytes, checksum: bdf0b0112eb738d0c95a478e9e445196 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012 | en |
dc.description.tableofcontents | 目錄
摘要 …………………………………………………………………………………...I Abstract ……………………………………………………………………………...III 目錄 …………………………………………………………………………………IV 圖目錄 …………………………………………………………………………….VIII 表目錄 ……………………………………………………………………………..XII 第一章 緒論 …………………………………………………………………………1 第二章 文獻回顧 ……………………………………………………………………3 2.1 光觸媒反應理論 …………………………………………………………...3 2.2 二氧化鈦簡介 ……………………………………………………………...4 2.2.1 觸媒結構與性質 ……………………………………………………4 2.2.2二氧化鈦親水性質 ………………………………………………….8 2.3添加金屬改質二氧化鈦觸媒表面 ………………………………………..10 2.4金屬與非金屬的摻雜 ……………………………………………………..10 2.5 Dye sensitizer 染料修飾 ………………………………………………….12 2.6 觸媒製備 ………………………………………………………………….14 2.6.1 觸媒製備─溶凝法 ……………………………………………... 14 2.6.2 觸媒製備─固態熔法 …………………………………………... 18 2.7 二氧化碳 ………………………………………………………………….18 2.7.1 二氧化碳的簡介 …………………………………………………..18 2.7.2 二氧化碳的固定 …………………………………………………..19 2.7.3 二氧化碳的光催化還原 …………………………………………..20 2.7.4 二氧化碳的光催化氫化 …………………………………………..29 第三章 實驗方法 …………………………………………………………………..33 3.1 實驗藥品與儀器設備 …………………………………………………….33 3.1.1 藥品 ………………………………………………………………..33 3.1.2 器材 ………………………………………………………………..34 3.2 觸媒之製備 ……………………………………………………………….35 3.2.1 溶凝膠法( Sol-Gel Method ) ………………………………………35 3.2.2 固態高溫熔融法(Solid-state fusion method) ……………………...37 3.2.3 負載共觸媒 ………………………………………………………..38 3.3觸媒特性與反應分析原理 ………………………………………………..39 3.3.1 儀器型號與規格 …………………………………………………..39 3.3.2 X光繞射儀(X-Ray Diffractometer,XRD) ……………………….40 3.3.3 紫外光-可見光光譜儀 (UV-VIS) ………………………………...41 3.3.4 場發射掃描式電子顯微鏡 (Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscope, SEM) ………………………………………………………..43 3.3.5 能量散佈光譜儀(EDS) …………………………………………….44 3.3.6 穿透式電子顯微鏡(TEM) …………………………………………45 3.3.7 比表面積分析(BET) ……………………………………………….45 3.3.8 X光光電子能譜儀(XPS) …………………………………………..46 3.3.9 感應耦合電漿原子發射光譜分析儀(ICP-AES) ………………….48 3.3.10大氣壓力化學游離/質譜儀 (APCI/MS) ………………………….49 3.3.11 甲烷化系統 ………………………………………………………50 3.3.12 氣相管柱層析儀(GC) …………………………………………….51 3.3.13 SISC色層分析數據處理系統 ……………………………………52 3.3.14 傅立葉轉換紅外線光譜儀(Fourier-Transform Infrared Spectrometer) ……………………………………………………………..53 3.4 光催化活性檢測 ………………………………………………………….55 3.4.1 光催氫化液相反應器 (Slurry batch reactor) ……………………...55 3.4.2 二氧化碳光催氫化還原 …………………………………………..57 3.4.3 二氧化碳光催氫化還原實驗設計 ………………………………..62 3.4.3.1 觸媒活性基本檢測 ………………………………………...62 3.4.3.2 最佳光催氫化觸媒的測試 ………………………………...63 3.4.4原位傅利葉轉換紅外線偵測光反應系統 ………………………...63 3.4.5原位二氧化碳光催化反應 ………………………………………...65 第四章 觸媒特性分析結果與討論 ………………………………………………..67 4.1觸媒檢測與特性分析 ……………………………………………………..67 4.1.1 UV-VIS ……………………………………………………………...67 4.1.2 Thermo gravimetric Analyzer (TGA) ……………………………….68 4.1.3 X-ray diffraction (XRD) …………………………………………….69 4.1.4 X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy …………………………………..71 4.1.5 BET …………………………………………………………………73 4.1.6 SEM和TEM ……………………………………………………..74 4.2 TiO2系列觸媒於光催化還原二氧化碳 …………………………………..77 4.3 APCI/MS …………………………………………………………………...79 4.4 In-situ FT-IR ………………………………………………………………..81 4.5 光催化還原二氧化碳之空白實驗 ……………………………………….85 4.6 quantum efficiency 的計算與比較 ……………………………………….86 4.7 結果討論 ………………………………………………………………….89 第五章 光觸媒於氫化還原二氧化碳的究 ……………………………………......91 5.1 CuAlGaO4系列觸媒製備 …………………………………………………91 5.2觸媒檢測與特性分析 ……………………………………………………..91 5.2.1 UV-VIS ……………………………………………………………...91 5.2.2 XRD………………………………………………………………... 92 5.2.3 XPS ………………………………………………………………….94 5.2.4 BET …………………………………………………………………95 5.2.5 SEM和TEM ……………………………………………………….96 5.3 光催氫化還原二氧化碳-3wt% Rh/ CuAlGaO4 …………………………101 5.4 光催氫化還原二氧化碳-1wt% Pt/ CuAlGaO4 ………………………….105 5.5 In-situ FT-IR 的研究 …………………………………………………….108 5.6 光催化還原二氧化碳空白實驗………………………………………… 111 5.7氫化觸媒活性測試 ………………………………………………………112 5.8 結果討論 ………………………………………………………………...113 第六章 結論 ………………………………………………………………………116 附錄 ………………………………………………………………………………..128 個人小傳 …………………………………………………………………………..132 圖目錄 Figure 2.1 Bandgap of semiconductor ………………………………………………. 3 Figure 2.2 The excited procedure of semiconductor ………………………………… 4 Figure 2.3 TiO2 phase diagram ………………………………………………………. 5 Figure 2.4 Anatase and rutile crytal structure …………………………………………6 Figure 2.5 The photoelectrochemical mechanism of TiO2 ……………………………8 Figure 2.6 The reaction between TiO2 and OH- ………………………………………8 Figure 2.7 photo induced hydrophilic phenomenon on TiO2 ………………………... 9 Figure 2.8 The relationship between contact angle and irradiation time ……………..9 Figure 2.9 LHCⅡ structure …………………………………………………………14 Figure 2.10 The illustration of sol-gel method …………………………………….. 17 Figure 2.11 The energy level of semiconductors at pH=5.0 ……………………….. 21 Figure 2.12 Hydrogenation of Carbon Dioxide on Zinc Oxide/Copper ……………. 23 Figure 2.13 Synergy between Rhodium and Manganese …………………………... 23 Figure 2.14 The schematic illustration of Pd/RuO2/TiO2 photoreduction of CO2 …… 24 Figure 2.15 Schematic drawing of experimental set-up for reduction of CO2 under concentrated sunlight ………………………………………………………………..24 Figure 2.16 Effect of Ru loading on the yield of methanol and methane for photocatalytic reduction of carbon dioxide ………………………………………… 25 Figure 2.17 Photocatalytic ethanol evolution under 300W Xe-arc lamp irradiation ..26 (a) with and (b) without UV cutoff filter …………………………………………… 26 Figure 2.18 Time dependence of CO formation (gas phase in the reactor) over 1wt%Rh/TiO2 under irradiation( CO2 and H2:150 and 50 mmol……………………31 Figure 2.19 Dependence of the amount of CO formed over β-Ga2O3 in various amounts of H2 with CO2 under irradiation 5 hrs …………………………………… 32 Figure 3.1 Sol-gel method to prepare TiO2:Rh catalysts …………………………….36 Figure 3.2 Loading LHCII material on TiO2: Rh ……………………………………37 Figure 3.3 Solid-state method to prepare CuAlGaO4 ……………………………….38 Figure 3.4 Schematic diagram of X-ray diffraction………………………………… 40 Figure 3.5 Signal of surface from electron attack …………………………………...44 Figure 3.6 APCI/MS instrument …………………………………………………….50 Figure 3.7 The methaniser figure ……………………………………………………51 Figure 3.8 The light reflection route ………………………………………………...54 Figure 3.9 The light path in FT-IR machine …………………………………………55 Figure 3.10 Slurry batch reactor ……………………………………………………..56 Figure 3.11 GC figure ………………………………………………………………..59 Figure 3.12 The calibration line of CO ……………………………………………...60 Figure 3.13 The calibration line of methanol ………………………………………..60 Figure 3.14 The calibration line of acetaldehyde ……………………………………61 Figure 3.15 The calibration line of methyl formate …………………………………61 Figure 3.16 The calibration line of ethanol ………………………………………….62 Figure 3.17 The set of FTIR machine ……………………………………………….63 Figure 3.18 The photo reactor ……………………………………………………….65 Figure 4.1 UV-VIS of (a) TiO2:Rh series catalysts (b) pure LHCII …………………68 Figure 4.2 TGA analysis of the catalysts …………………………………………….69 Figure 4.3 XRD of TiO2:Rh, TiO2:Rh –LHCII and P25 …………………………….70 Figure 4.4 JCPDS- TiO2 (anatase) …………………………………………………...70 Figure 4.5 JCPDS- TiO2 (rutile) ……………………………………………………..71 Figure 4.6 XPS of TiO2:Rh and TiO2:Rh-LHCII (titanium) ………………………...72 Figure 4.7 XPS of TiO2:Rh and TiO2:Rh-LHCII (carbon) …………………………..72 Figure 4.8 XPS of TiO2:Rh and TiO2:Rh-LHCII (oxygen) ………………………….73 Figure 4.9 SEM of (a)(c) TiO2:Rh and (b)(d)TiO2:Rh- LHCII ……………………...75 Figure 4.10 TEM of (a) TiO2:Rh和(b) TiO2:Rh-LHCII ……………………………..76 Figure 4.11Photo reduction of CO2 with (a)TiO2:Rh and (b)TiO2:Rh- LHCII 78 Reaction condition: photo reaction at room temperature with 300W xenon light. ….78 Figure 4.12Photoreduction of CO2 with water vapor ………………………………..79 Figure 4.13 Photoreduction of CO2 with water vapor ……………………………….80 Figure 4.14 APCI/MS figure before reaction ………………………………………..80 Figure 4.15 APCI/MS figure after photo reaction …………………………………...81 Figure 4.16 FTIR of TiO2:Rh 和TiO2:Rh-LHCII before reaction ………………….83 Figure 4.17 In-situ FT-IR on TiO2:Rh- LHCII……………………………………… 83 Figure 4.18 TiO2:Rh-LHCII IR 3D figure (a)1400-1600 cm-1 (b)1600-1800 cm-1 84 Figure 5.1 UV-VIS of the series CuAlGaO4 ………………………………………...92 Figure 5.2 XRD analysis of CuAlGaO4 (small figure was cut from reference …....93 Figure 5.3 XRD analysis of CuAlGaO4 and the raw material ……………………….93 Figure 5.4 XRD analysis of series CuAlGaO4 catalyst ……………………………...94 Figure 5.5 The XPS analysis of rhodium and platinum of (a) 3wt % Rh/CuAlGaO4 (rhodium nitrate) and (b) 1wt % Pt/CuAlGaO4 respectively ………………………...95 Figure 5.6 The SEM figure of CuAlGaO4 (100k) …………………………………...98 Figure 5.7 The SEM figure of 1wt%Pt/CuAlGaO4 (30k) ……………………………98 Figure 5.8 The SEM figure of 3wt%Rh/CuAlGaO4 (10k) …………………………..98 Figure 5.9 The EDX figure of 1wt%Pt/CuAlGaO4 ………………………………….99 Figure 5.10 The EDX figure of 3wt%Rh/CuAlGaO4 ………………………………..99 Figure 5.11 TEM image of CuAlGaO4……………………………………………………………………. 100 Figure 5.12 TEM image of 1wt%Pt/CuAlGaO4 ……………………………………100 Figure 5.13 TEM image of 3wt%Rh/CuAlGaO4 …………………………………..100 Figure 5.14 The yield of photo catalytic reduction of CO2 with 3wt%Rh/CuAlGaO4 (a)CO2 as reactant, rhodium acetate as precursor (b) CO2+H2 as reactant, rhodium acetate as precursor (c) CO2 as reactant, rhodium nitrate as precursor (d) CO2+H2 as reactant, rhodium nitrate as precursor ……………………………………………...103 Figure 5.15 The yield of photo catalytic reduction of CO2 with 1wt%Pt/CuAlGaO4 (a)CO2 as reactant, methanol as reducing agent (b) CO2 +H2 as reactant, methanol as reducing agent (c) CO2 as reactant, without methanol (d) CO2 +H2 as reactant, without methanol. …………………………………………………………………………...106 Figure 5.16 The calibration line of Pt, ICP-AES quantitative analysis …………….107 Figure 5.17 In-situ FT-IR on 3wt%Rh/CuAlGaO4 (a)full figure (b) enlarged scale .109 Figure 5.18 3D Figure of in-situ FTIR (a)1800-1500 cm-1(b) 2100-1800cm-1……..110 Figure 5.19 In-situ FT-IR on 3wt%Rh/CuAlGaO4 …………………………………110 Figure 5.20 The 3wt%Rh/CuAlGaO4 activity test ………………………………....113 表目錄 Table 2.1 The different methods for fixing carbon source ………………………… 19 Table 2.2 Results of CO2 photoreduction from 1997-2009………………………… 27 Table 2.3 The reaction of transferring to high value organic compound ……………28 Table 2.4 The enthalpy and Gibb’s free energy for hydrogenation of CO2 …………29 Table 2.5 Results of photocatalytic CO2 hydrogenation from 1999-2010 ………….32 Table 3.1 GC/FID parameter……………………………………………………….. 58 Table 3.2 FTIR parameters ………………………………………………………….66 Table 3.3 Pretreatment……………………………………………………………… 66 Table 4.1 The surface area and pore distribution ……………………………………74 Table 4.2 EDX of TiO2:Rh和TiO2:Rh-LHCII ……………………………………..76 Table 4.3 Assigned peak in CO2/H2 system on TiO2:Rh- LHCII ……………………85 Table 4.4 TiO2:Rh-LHCII blank test…………………………………………………86 Table 4.5 The products of reducing CO2 by different groups ……………………….88 Table 5.1 The surface area and pore distribution ……………………………………96 Table 5.2 The yield of photo catalytic reduction of CO2 with 3wt%Rh/CuAlGaO4. 104 Table 5.3 Photo hydrogenation of CO2 with 1wt% Pt/CuAlGaO4 …………………107 Table 5.4 Assigned peak in CO2/H2 system on 1wt%Pt/CuAlGaO4 and 3wt%Rh/ CuAlGaO4 …………………………………………………………………………..111 Table 5.5 blank tests for cylinders ……………………………………………….....112 Table 5.6 quantum efficiency comparison ………………………………………….115 | |
dc.language.iso | zh-TW | |
dc.title | LHCII修飾光觸媒與光催氫化觸媒還原二氧化碳 | zh_TW |
dc.title | Light-harvesting complex promoted photocatalyst and photo hydrogenation of CO2 | en |
dc.type | Thesis | |
dc.date.schoolyear | 100-2 | |
dc.description.degree | 碩士 | |
dc.contributor.oralexamcommittee | 萬本儒(Ben-Zu Wan),張淑閔(Sue-Min Chang),林欣瑜(Hsin-Yu Lin) | |
dc.subject.keyword | 氫化觸媒,葉綠素蛋白質複合物,光催化還原二氧化碳反應, | zh_TW |
dc.subject.keyword | CO2 reduction,Photocatalysis,Light-harvesting complex,TiO2:Rh- LHCII,Renewable, | en |
dc.relation.page | 132 | |
dc.rights.note | 有償授權 | |
dc.date.accepted | 2012-07-18 | |
dc.contributor.author-college | 工學院 | zh_TW |
dc.contributor.author-dept | 化學工程學研究所 | zh_TW |
顯示於系所單位: | 化學工程學系 |
文件中的檔案:
檔案 | 大小 | 格式 | |
---|---|---|---|
ntu-101-1.pdf 目前未授權公開取用 | 5.77 MB | Adobe PDF |
系統中的文件,除了特別指名其著作權條款之外,均受到著作權保護,並且保留所有的權利。