台灣甜玉米產業之產銷分析—以嘉義縣地區為例

Abstract

本研究主要目的在探討嘉義縣主要甜玉米栽培地區太保市、水上鄉及其周邊鄉鎮，甜玉米栽培、生產及運銷概況，藉由問卷方式了解甜玉米產業中主要的產品生產者甜玉米栽培農戶的基本資料，如栽培中的基本生產資訊、甜玉米的田間栽培管理操作包括影響收入的關鍵因素：種植品種的選定、肥料種類的選擇、肥料施用的時期、田間灌水的操作等，投入的生產成本：主要的要素投入包含肥料、農藥及人工，運銷通路的選擇、銷售產品收入與淨利潤等資料，以敘述統計方法對問卷收集之資料做經濟分析，分析方向分為栽培管理、生產成本、生產規模、運銷通路、不同分級規格銷售價格、收入與利潤等。分析後的主要結果為:受訪的甜玉米栽培農戶平均每公頃總生產成本為60，801.75元，2010年平均每公頃可得利潤為200,193元，太保市、水上鄉及其周邊鄉鎮種植甜玉米的最適種植規模為1-1.5公頃。運銷通路的選擇方面，有60%的農民選擇果菜市場做為銷售通路，22.5%的農民透過契作商銷售，10%的農民自行銷售甜玉米到市場上，7.5%的農民透過合作農場銷售。

The main purpose of this study is to investigate the cultivation situation, fresh production and marketing of sweet corn in the main production area of Chaiyi county. To elucidate the basic information of the sweet corn growers in sweet corn production area, special questionnaires were conducted. The information mainly included the following facets such as: the cultivation and field management which include key factors that affect the income of growers: varieties and fertilizer selection; optimal time for fertilizing and watering and other farm practices; the input of fertilizer, pesticide and labor force; the selection of marketing channel; the revenue and net income etc. Economic analysis was applied for the questionnaires via the Numerical Descriptive Measures. Analysis mainly focuses on the following aspects: cultivation management, production cost, growing scale, marketing channel and price of different grading product, income and profit etc. The results indicated that: the average cost of sweet corn production per hectare is NT$ 60,807.75, the revenue on average is NT$ 200,193 in 2010. The optima growing scale is1-1.5 hectare in Taibao city, Shuishang xiang and the neighborhood. In the facet of marketing channel selection, 60% of the farmers select the agricultural products wholesaler markets as the marketing channel, 22.5% corporate with the contractor for contract production, and 10% with farmers ship their product to Cooperative farm, only 7.5% of the farmers sell the sweet corn directly to the traditional market.