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標題: | 二氧化鈦薄膜與多接面太陽電池以H-type光反應器進行光催化水分解產氫 Titania Thin Films and Multijunction Solar Cell in an H-type Photoreactor for Photocatalytic Water Splitting Reaction to Produce Hydrogen |
作者: | Chao-Wei Huang 黃朝偉 |
指導教授: | 吳紀聖 |
關鍵字: | 二氧化鈦薄膜,多接面太陽電池,光催化,水分解,產氫, Titania thin films,Multijunction solar cell,Photocatalytic,Water splitting reaction,Hydrogen production, |
出版年 : | 2012 |
學位: | 博士 |
摘要: | 現今人類面臨兩大危機,包括能源短缺與全球暖化,必須尋求替代能源以因應人類所需;太陽能為終極能源,搭配氫能使用可解決目前的困境。氫能不僅可以儲存太陽能量,更可以提供乾淨、可循環式的能源使用型態;本研究嘗試以二氧化鈦薄膜與多接面太陽電池作為光觸媒光電極材料,並搭配H-type光反應器系統進行光催化水分解產氫實驗。二氧化鈦是最常見的光觸媒材料之一,在大於光觸媒能隙之光源照射下可產生電子電洞對,電子可將水還原成氫氣,電洞則會把水氧化成氧氣。本研究嘗試電子束蒸鍍法、揮發誘導自組裝法、射頻濺鍍法、高溫射頻濺鍍法製備二氧化鈦薄膜,分別進行材料特性分析,透過X光繞射儀以了解薄膜晶相、掃描式電子顯微鏡以觀測表面型態、能量分佈儀以檢測薄膜化學組成、紫外光可見光光譜儀以分析薄膜吸收度等,並透過電流電壓量測儀可了解薄膜的光電化學性質。不同方法所製備的二氧化鈦薄膜沉積在鈦基板上,基板另一面沉積白金薄膜,可形成二氧化鈦/鈦/白金之光觸媒光電極,搭配H-type光反應系統進行光催化水分解產氫實驗,可分離產生氫氣與氧氣,省略分離程序,產生的氫氣與氧氣通入氣相層析儀即可進行產量分析。經實驗結果發現,高溫真空濺鍍所製備的二氧化鈦,表面可形成四面體的結晶結構,因此具有最佳的光催化活性。為了獲得更高的產氫效率,本研究直接嘗試使用高效率多接面太陽能電池晶片作為光電極材料,太陽能電池的陰極與陽極分別可以將水還原氧化為氫氣與氧氣,研究結果指出當H-type兩端的電解質溶液更換成硫酸鈉時,不僅可以省略化學偏壓,更可以避免陽極端受侵蝕現象,產生的氫氣與氧氣同樣符合水分解之化學劑量比例2:1。 Nowadays, humans face two crises: energy shortage and global warming. In order to meet the energy demand, it is imperative for us to search for an alternative energy. Solar energy in the form of hydrogen is the ultimate energy that could overcome these difficulties. Hydrogen not only is a medium for storing solar energy, but also a clean and recyclable energy source. In this study, titania thin films and multijunction solar cell were used as the photocatalysts or photoelectrodes to produce hydrogen via photocatalytic water splitting reaction in an H-type reactor. Titania is one of the popular photocatalyst materials. Under the irradiation of light with energy greater than bandgap, the photocatalyst would generate electron-and-hole pairs. These electrons and holes will reduce and oxidize water to form hydrogen and oxygen, respectively. In our study, TiO2 thin films were prepared by electron beam induced deposition, evaporation induced self-assembling, radio-frequency sputtering and high temperature RF sputtering methods. The material properties were characterized by X-ray diffraction to reveal the crystallinity, scanning electron microscope to observe the surface morphology, energy dispersive spectrometry to analyze the chemical composition, and UV-Vis absorption spectrometry to check the light absorbance of the prepared TiO2 thin films. The photoelectrochemical property of the TiO2 thin films were investigated with a potentiostat. To prepare the photoelectrode for the water-splitting reaction, TiO2 thin film was deposited on side of Ti substrate while Pt thin film was coated on the opposite side to form the TiO2/Ti/Pt structure. By using an H-type reactor system to carry out water splitting reaction, hydrogen and oxygen were produced separately, eliminating additional separation process. The evolved gases were then detected by a GC analyzer. From the experimental results, the TiO2 thin film prepared by high-temperature RF sputtering method shows the highest photoactivity. To further enhance the hydrogen yield, triple junction solar cell was incorporated into the H-type reactor system to conduct water-splitting reaction in which hydrogen and oxygen was generated at the cathode and anode, respectively. In addition, Na2SO4 was used as the electrolyte solution in both compartments of the H-type reactor. This not only eliminates the chemical bias often applied for the water-splitting reaction, but also prevents the corrosion problem of the anode surface. Most importantly, the produced hydrogen-to-oxygen ratio reaches the stoichiometric ratio of water, which is 2:1. |
URI: | http://tdr.lib.ntu.edu.tw/jspui/handle/123456789/65430 |
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顯示於系所單位: | 化學工程學系 |
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