臺灣海域的珊瑚共生藤壺之生物多樣性與寄主專一性

Abstract

珊瑚藤壺（coral-inhabiting barnacle）為節肢動物門（Phylum Arthropoda）、甲殼動物亞門（Subphylum Crustacea）、顎足綱（Class Maxillopoda）、蔓足亞綱（Infraclass Cirripedia）、圍胸總目（Order Thoracica）、塔藤壺科（Family Pyrgomatidae）之成員，主要與石珊瑚共生，有珊瑚礁存在的海域幾乎都可以發現牠們的身影。臺灣海域除了西岸為沙地海岸沒有珊瑚礁分佈之外，大部分有珊瑚礁生長的淺海地區都能發現珊瑚藤壺的蹤跡。但在臺灣以往對於珊瑚藤壺之多樣性與寄主專一性的相關研究卻十分有限。本研究以水肺潛水的方式於臺灣海域（本島:墾丁、蘇澳，離島:綠島、小琉球、龜山島）觀察與採集共生於石珊瑚體表的珊瑚藤壺，藉由解剖辨別珊瑚藤壺的外殼、蓋板、口器、蔓足、交接器等構造之外部型態鑑定珊瑚藤壺的種類。結果共發現十一屬（Cantellius、Cionophorus、Darwiniella、Galkinia、Hiroa、Neotrevathana、Nobia、Pyrgoma、Savignium、Trevathana、Wanella）三十三種的珊瑚藤壺，其中有十五個種類為新種（Cantellius latus sp. nov.、Cantellius porata sp. nov.、Darwiniella angularis sp. nov.、Galkinia adamas sp. nov.、Galkinia altiapiculus sp. nov.、Galkinia depressa sp. nov.、Galkinia tabulatus sp. nov.、Galkinia trimegadonta sp. nov.、Savignium biporata sp. nov.、Savignium rossi sp. nov. 、Savignium sectus sp. nov.、Savignium serratus sp. nov.、Savignium uncinulus sp. nov.、Trevathana achituvi sp. nov.、Trevathana longidonta sp. nov.），三個種類為臺灣新紀錄種（Cantellius acutum、Galkinia decima、Neotrevathana elongatum）。此研究結果顯示臺灣海域擁有超過全世界三分之一的珊瑚藤壺種類，具有高度的珊瑚藤壺多樣性。本研究亦分析珊瑚藤壺與其寄主珊瑚的關係，結果發現大多數珊瑚藤壺與寄主珊瑚間存在寄主專一性，不同種類的珊瑚藤壺其對寄主珊瑚的專一性程度也不同。

Coral-inhabiting barnacles are members of Phylum Arthropoda, Subphylum Crustacea, Class Maxillopoda, Infraclass Cirripedia, Order Thoracica, and Family Pyrgomatidae. They are exclusive symbionts of scleractinian corals, found in almost all coral reef environments. In Taiwan, coral-inhabiting barnacles exist in most shallow sea with coral reefs. At present, there is limited examination on diversity and host specificity of coral-inhabiting barnacles in Taiwan. In this study, coral-inhabiting barnacles were observed and collected from host corals by SCUBA diving. Species were identified with morphological characters, including shell, opercular valves, oral cone, cirri and penis. Eleven genera (Cantellius, Cionophorus, Darwiniella, Galkinia, Hiroa, Neotrevathana, Nobia, Pyrgoma, Savignium, Trevathana and Wanella) and 33 species were found, including 15 new species (Cantellius latus sp. nov., Cantellius porata sp. nov., Darwiniella angularis sp. nov., Galkinia adamas sp. nov., Galkinia altiapiculus sp. nov., Galkinia depressa sp. nov., Galkinia tabulatus sp. nov., Galkinia trimegadonta sp. nov., Savignium biporata sp. nov., Savignium rossi sp. nov., Savignium sectus sp. nov., Savignium serratus sp. nov., Savignium uncinulus sp. nov., Trevathana achituvi sp. nov., Trevathana longidonta sp. nov.) and 3 newly recorded species (Cantelliu acutum, Galkinia decima, Neotrevathana elongatum). Result of this study shows a high biodiversity of coral-inhabiting barnacles in Taiwan, taking up more than 1/3 world’s present species. Host specificity between coral-inhabiting barnacles and host corals was also examined. Most coral-inhabiting barnacles display host specificity, with variable degree among different species.