評估臺灣獸醫醫療法制定對社會層面影響與先行調查

Abstract

在我國，現行與獸醫相關的法律條文中，對獸醫醫療行為、獸醫職責、醫療業務的定義與規範既不明確且又缺乏；同時，專科獸醫師的認證或繼續教育的準則亦不存在；可見獸醫相關法律的訂立，在我國是不足夠的，且易造成醫療糾紛與其它缺點。因此，參考先進國家立法精神，制定一套獸醫專門醫療法來規範上述事宜，是急切且勢在必行的。目前也已在政府機關指示下，組織成立法委員會進行相關事務的推動，並且已完成初步草案的擬訂。獸醫醫療法在準備進入立法程序前，必需事先評估分析此立法對各界的影響，包括產業界、獸醫界、法界、社會大眾，此乃法規影響分析（regulatory impacts analysis，RIA）的原則；而此可透過問卷來進行各界對該法律初步意見的調查，並藉法規影響分析中的社會影響評估（social impacts analysis，SIA）概念，進行各項量化意見的分析；在隨機抽樣的問卷調查之後，可利用統計分析方法如卡方檢定（chi-square test）、次數分配長條圖，將量化的數據結果提供給各相關層級及立法委員會，以此作為制定及修改獸醫醫療法草案之初步依據。針對獸醫醫療法現有的草案內容，將主要涵蓋的四大主體分類成開/執業獸醫、獸醫相關規範執行機構、一般使用獸醫醫療服務者、獸醫相關科系學生，依此各別進行問卷調查以及數據的統計分析。結果發現，各界對本法中各條文精神的看法與意見，差異相當大，僅少數幾則條文是一致被接受的。而透過問卷調查之後的訪談，本研究收集到更具體且細微的資料。本研究即根據統計分析的量化結果，以及訪談得到的非量化資料，於此提出獸醫醫療法創立的建議作法。

The laws which are related to veterinary affair in Taiwan are deficient. Also, the laws lack precise definitions and regulations on veterinary medical operation and veterinary practice. Meanwhile, there are no verification of specialist and criterion to continual education. As we can see, the absence of accurate laws will be easy to evoke medical dispute and other vices in Taiwan. Therefore, it is necessary to refer to the legislative spirit in developed countries to draw up a suitable veterinary law as the guideline for the parties being involved. Nowadays, Government had assigned cognate institute to organize legislative committee to carry out the request, and the drafts of veterinary practice law has been cast. Before going to legislation, it is absolute to estimate the impact toward different parties such as veterinarians, the public, and other relatives first. This is the principal of regulatory impact analysis (RIA). The random questionnaire is a tool for collecting apprehension and consideration from different populations. Then, this quantitative information is able to be analyzed based on social impacts analysis (SIA) in RIA. Afterward, the quantitative data which is analyzed through chi-square test and bar charts can be provided to cognate institutes and legislative committee as preliminary reference to revise or draw up the drafts. According to the content of veterinary practice law, the relative populations could be divided into four main subjects: practical veterinarians, institutes that administer law, veterinary service users, and students in veterinary schools. This study implemented questionnaire and then compared data following the classification. The result shows that the opinions are significant different and diverse, and the consistency is few. Likewise, interview is a manner of receiving detail of one’s perception and attitude after implementing questionnaire. Thus, this study supplies the quantitative and non-quantitative data for legislative committee, and then recommends alternatives or better acts.