應用建築資訊模型於電梯設計之人流模擬分析

Abstract

在電梯設計中，往往依循建築法規作為設計準則，然而法規只規定電梯設計之最低標準，並無明定電梯於建築物中之確切位置。行人的行為與電梯配置皆會影響電梯之服務水準，但目前的電梯設計方式尚無完善地考慮行人流因素，因此本研究透過 BIM 有提供完善建築全生命週期屬性資料之特性，結合行人流模擬技術，旨在建築設計階段中體現營運維護階段的潛在問題與加速電梯設計之迭代過程，並透過台大土木研究大樓等實際案例驗證此研究目的。 本研究藉由行人流模擬體現人與人、人與環境之互動，並模擬行人於電梯搭乘尖峰時段之行人行為。以往電梯設計只能確保電梯的平均等待時間，而忽略了在電梯尖峰搭乘時段中，行人之等待時間往往會相當久，因此本研究基於 BIM 提供的建築屬性資料與行人流模擬方法，提出一套應用建築資訊模型於電梯設計之人流模擬分析架構，確保電梯在尖峰搭乘時段中維持一定的服務水準，為傳統電梯設計提供一套新的方法，使電梯設計不僅能符合建築法規所限定之最低標準，還能透過快速地行人流模擬分析，確保電梯在運行時段中都能維持一定的服務水準。 本研究以土木研究大樓等實際案例，透過仿真行人流模擬參數與電梯運行策略，達成模擬與真實世界相互匹配之結果，並總結出行人等待電梯之時間受到行人流進入速率、電梯速度與電梯容量等因素影響：當行人流進入速率增加時，增加電梯速度會比增加電梯容量，更有效減少行人平均等待時間；當行人數目增加而行人流速率不變時，增加電梯容量會比增加電梯速度，更有效減少行人平均等待時間。本研究亦分析不同電梯設計下之電梯建造成本與後續營運維護成本。

This paper presents a framework for evaluating and accelerating the lift design iteration of a building by integrating BIM technology and pedestrian flow simulation. We also estimate the pedestrian waiting time for lifts in the building and cost for lifts by taking pedestrian behavior into consideration in this framework. Besides, in this study pedestrian flow simulation model is utilized to implement agent-based simulation and to imitate pedestrian behavior when taking lifts under various conditions. After that, a design evaluation is imported to the original building design. The proposed framework is examined by a case study in the Civil Engineering Research Building in National Taiwan University campus. There are three main advantageous points of our simulation model. First, building information can be automatically extracted from a BIM model and a simplified 3D model can be created immediately for pedestrian flow simulation. Second, parameters like lift type, lift velocity and the pedestrian entry rate can be flexibly adjusted in the simulation model for comparing the simulation results on the variation of the design parameters. Last but not the least, the design evaluation can be fed back to the original design and the objects we want to change in the BIM model can be automatically filtered. Therefore, the potential issues at operation stage of the building lifts can be observed at the initial design stage using the proposed framework and the design iteration can also be reduced in this study.