從生命歷程觀點探討非典型就業者職涯轉銜發展：以派遣人員為例

Abstract

非典型就業儼然成為臺灣近年來備受注目的社會問題，本研究旨在描繪勞動非典型化下派遣人員生命歷程發展軌跡，及其間與工作制度、政策制度的互動圖像。透過次級資料分析與深度訪談，本文指出影響派遣勞工職涯發展的主要因素是本身人力資本與職位、與勞動派遣機制的互動，並涉及個人偏好與特質。 勞動派遣對於生命歷程階層化之現象產生強化的效果。對於已受勞動市場排除之部分勞動者而言，儘管從事勞動派遣可暫免失業，但長期以觀則難以脫離低所得、低保障之生涯；加以惡性派遣的作用，此種持續累積的劣勢將減少勞動者流動與轉軌的契機，導致不平等加劇。 為維護社會公平，國家應設計彈性之政策以允許人們對其生涯擁有更多選擇機會，並保障勞動者免於制度性排除。此外，為了避免公司策略成為影響弱勢派遣勞工彈性生涯的唯一主導者，國家應介入其勞動關係。最後，本文透過歐洲國家對於生命歷程風險的處理策略與經驗，諸如重新建構轉銜勞動市場與年齡整合結構，以探索社會政策因應新型態風險的創新可能。

Atypical employment has become an acute social problem in Taiwan in recent decades. This research aims to depict the life course trajectories of the dispatched workers, and analyze their interactions with the institutions of the labor market. Through secondary data analysis and in-depth interviews, this study identifies the main factors affecting the career developments of the dispatched workers are the human capital and job positions, interactions between the individuals and institutions, as well as the individual preferences and personal characters of the dispatched workers. This thesis finds that the current dispatching mechanisms would reinforce the stratification over the life course. For the dispatched workers, although the dispatched work could temporarily prevent them from unemployment, in the long term it is still difficult for them to escape from the vicious cycle of low income and low security. What’s worse: bad dispatching jobs could even precipitate the accumulation of such disadvantages, such as reducing labor mobilities and transition opportunities, leading to higher inequality. To maintain social justice, the state should set up flexible policies allowing the workers more life opportunities, and protecting them from institutional exclusion. Moreover, the state policies should intervene in the relationships between employers and dispatched workers in order to reduce the vulnerability of the latter. In conclusion, this thesis discusses the coping strategies for life course risks, and elaborates the ideas and experiences of the European countries, such as reconstructing transitional labor markets and integrating age structures, in order to explore innovative social policies against the new social risks.