火鶴花盆花貯後品質之改善

Abstract

火鶴花為天南星科花燭屬(Anthurium)的多年生草本花卉，由於臺灣具氣候優勢，因此具有外銷火鶴花盆花至日本等國的潛力。本試驗探討貯運溫度、時間與環境中的乙烯對其貯後品質之影響，並研究利用1-methylcyclopropene (1-MCP)及6-benzylaminopurine (BA)前處理是否可維持火鶴花盆花外銷之貯後品質。 火鶴花‘Red Victory’於10oC或15oC下黑暗貯運5天，黑暗貯運造成佛焰苞藍化、壞疽萎凋及肉穗花序褐化，兩溫度間無顯著差異。然而10oC處理者於貯後出現紫斑症狀，並伴隨佛焰苞葉綠素螢光值(excitation transfer efficiency, Fv/Fm)的下降，於室內擺放之7天內紫斑消失且Fv/Fm值可回復。利用四個品種火鶴花盆花於15oC或20oC下黑暗貯運3或7天後，‘True Love’、‘Red Queen’及‘Leny’之貯後品質於兩溫度間無顯著差異，而‘Fantasy Love’於20oC貯後有較高的葉片黃化率及肉穗花序褐化率；貯運3或7天皆不影響‘Leny’貯後品質，而‘True Love’、‘Fantasy Love’及‘Red Queen’之觀賞品質隨貯運時間由3天增長至7天而下降。四個參試品種的耐貯性依序為‘Leny’> ‘Red Queen’> ‘Fantasy Love’及‘True Love’。 六個品種火鶴花盆花於15oC的環境中模擬黑暗貯運5天，期間處理0或5 μL•L-1乙烯，結果顯示乙烯加重‘Red Queen’貯後之葉片黃化，‘Red King’及‘Pink Love’明顯的葉片黃化、佛焰苞壞疽萎凋及肉穗花序褐化症狀，‘Red Victory’之佛焰苞壞疽萎凋及肉穗花序褐化，以及‘True Love’及‘Fantasy Love’之肉穗花序褐化。參試品種對乙烯之耐受性依序為‘Red Queen’> ‘Fantasy Love’、’True Love’> ‘Red King’> ‘Pink Love’> ‘Red Victory’。以對乙烯敏感的‘Red King’及不敏感的‘Red Queen’於0、1、3或5 μL•L-1乙烯、15oC的環境中黑暗貯運5天，結果顯示‘Red Queen’的黃化葉片率、佛焰苞壞疽萎凋率及肉穗花序褐化率不因乙烯濃度而明顯提升。隨乙烯濃度之提升，‘Red King’的黃化葉片率增加，下位葉之葉綠素計讀值(SPAD-502 value)及Fv/Fm值下降，貯後具觀賞價值的花朵數亦減少。 前處理不同濃度1-MCP 6小時後於5 μL•L-1乙烯、15oC的環境黑暗貯運5天，結果顯示前處理900 nL•L-1 1-MCP可顯著降低火鶴花‘Red King’之葉片黃化率、佛焰苞壞疽萎凋率及肉穗花序褐化率，以及‘Red Victory’之佛焰苞藍化率、佛焰苞壞疽萎凋率及肉穗花序褐化率，並可有效維持下位葉及佛焰苞的Fv/Fm值、佛焰苞L*、a*、b*值，達作用飽和濃度。而300-600 nL•L-1 1-MCP前處理6小時無法有效避免上述乙烯造成的影響。若貯運前噴施50-150 mg•L-1 BA於火鶴花‘Red Victory’地上部，無論於0或3 μL•L-1乙烯的環境中黑暗貯運5天，皆可有效降低其佛焰苞藍化率、佛焰苞壞疽萎凋率及肉穗花序褐化率。 火鶴花‘Red Victory’盆花於15oC黑暗貯運前處理900 nL•L-1 1-MCP或100 mg•L-1 BA皆可有效避免黑暗貯運5天後3 μL•L-1乙烯造成的佛焰苞藍化、壞疽萎凋及肉穗花序褐化，其中BA對植株的保護效果較1-MCP為佳，且1-MCP及BA同時處理有加成效果。然而BA前處理者於出庫0-5天內Fv/Fm值顯著低於有1-MCP處理者。於10oC黑暗貯運5天內處理3 μL•L-1乙烯，貯後品質亦較15oC處理者為佳，但10oC處理之佛焰苞Fv/Fm值於出庫0-5天顯著低於15oC處理者。 由本研究可知，火鶴花盆花最適的貯運溫度約為15oC，其耐貯性及乙烯耐受性依品種而異。貯運前處理900 nL•L-1 1-MCP或50-150 mg•L-1 BA可有效維持不耐貯且不耐乙烯火鶴花盆花品種之貯後品質。

Anthurium is an important perennial herbaceous flowering foliage plant. Taiwan has superior climate conditions, and thus has potential for exporting potted anthuriums to Japan. This study determined the effects of temperature, duration, and ethylene during dark storage on poststorage quality of potted anthurium, and evaluated the effectiveness of 1-methylcyclopropene (1-MCP) and 6-benzylaminopurine (BA) pretreatment to protect sensitive cultivars. Dark storage at 10 or 15oC for 5 d resulted in spathe blueing, spathe necrosis or wilting, and spadix browning of anthurium ‘Red Victory’. Poststorage plant appearance did not differ between 10 and 15oC treatment. However, spathes at 10oC treatment exhibited purple spots after storage, and had decreased excitation transfer efficiency (Fv/Fm). The purple spots disappeared and Fv/Fm value recovered after 7 days in the interior environment. After dark storage at 15 or 20oC for 3 or 7 d, ‘Fantasy Love’ had higher percentages of chlorotic leaves and browning spadix at 20oC than 15oC. Poststorage quality of ‘True Love’, ‘Red Queen’, and ‘Leny’ did not differ between 15 and 20oC treatments. Storage for 3 d or 7 d did not affect poststorage quality of ‘Leny’, while ‘True Love’, ‘Fantasy Love’, and ‘Red Queen’ decreased their quality with increased storage duration from 3 d to 7 d. The storability of the four cultivars ranked as: ‘Leny’> ‘Red Queen’> ‘Fantasy Love’ and ‘True Love’. Six anthurium cultivars were exposed to 0 or 5 μL•L-1 ethylene during dark storage at 15oC for 5 d. Exposure to ethylene accelerated leaf chlorosis in ‘Red Queen’, leaf chlorosis, spathe necrosis or wilting, and spadix browning in ‘Red King’ and ‘Pink Love’, spathe necrosis or wilting and spadix browning in ‘Red Victory’, and spadix browning in ‘True Love’ and ‘Fantasy Love’. The ethylene sensitivity of the six cultivars ranked as: ‘Red Queen’> ‘Fantasy Love’、’True Love’> ‘Red King’> ‘Pink Love’> ‘Red Victory’. Plants of ethylene-sensitive ‘Red King’ and ethylene-insensitive ‘Red Queen’ were exposed to 0, 1, 3, and 5 μL•L-1 ethylene during dark storage at 15oC for 5 d. Percentages of chlorotic leaves, necrotic or wilted spathes, and browning spadix of ‘Red Queen’ did not increase with increased ethylene concentration. In contrast, percentages of chlorotic leaves increased, poststorage Fv/Fm value, SPAD-502 value and percentsges of performable flowers decreased with increased ethylene concentration in ‘Red King’.

Pretreatment with 900 nL•L-1 1-MCP for 6 h deceased percentages of chlorotic leaves, necrotic or wilted spathes, and browning spadix in ‘Red King’, and percentages of blueing spathes, necrotic or wilted spathes, and browning spadix in ‘Red Victory’ after stored in 5 μL•L-1 ethylene at 15oC for 5 d. The Fv/Fm value in lowest leaves and spathes, and L*, a*, b* value in spathes could be maintained by 900 nL•L-1 1-MCP pretreatment. Saturation responses occurred with 900 nL•L-1 1-MCP, while 300-600 nL•L-1 1-MCP did not prevent anthurium from ethylene damage efficiently. Regardless of 0 or 3 μL•L-1 ethylene during storage at 15oC for 5 d, BA spraying at 50-150 mg•L-1 in above ground part deceased percentages of blueing spathes, necrotic or wilted spathes, and browning spadix in ‘Red Victory’. Pretreatment with 900 nL•L-1 1-MCP or 100 mg•L-1 BA could protect anthurium ‘Red Victoy’ from spathe blueing, spathe necrosis or wilting, spadix browning after exposed to 3 μL•L-1 ethylene during storage at 15oC for 5 d. BA could protect anthurium better than 1-MCP, and pretreatment with both 900 nL•L-1 1-MCP and 100 mg•L-1 BA resulted in better poststorage quality than treatment alone. Plants of ‘Red Victory’ at 10oC had better poststorage quality than at 15oC when stored with 3 μL•L-1 ethylene for 5 d, but the Fv/Fm value in spathe of the 10oC treatment was lower than 15oC treatment during day 0-5 after storage. In conclusion, best storage temperature for potted anthurium is about 15oC. The storability and ethylene sensitivity of anthurium varied with cultivars. Pretreatment with 900 nL•L-1 1-MCP or 50-150 mg•L-1 BA could maintain poststorage quality of anthurium cultivars that sensitive to dark storage and ethylene.