台灣陸地運輸節能量分析與方案評估

Abstract

交通運輸是維繫整個國家經濟的命脈，但近年來能源的逐漸匱乏與全球暖化相關議題越來越重要，石化燃料的燃燒必定伴隨著溫室氣體的排放，所以交通運輸的能源消耗減量就隨之受到重視。 但環顧台灣各研究單位中，對整體台灣交通運輸的整體耗能及節能統計的資料較為缺乏，大部分都是偏重在各車種新技術的開發，或是侷限於某一小區域的單一交通方式所做的統計，皆無法有效反應出台灣總體交通運輸的情況，故本研究就蒐集所有能加以應用之交通資料，包含交通部統計處及運研所等；再加入取自經濟部能源局及相關論文的能源消耗的因子，統計分析載人運具及貨運的總延人公里及延噸公里，還有現在消耗在交通運輸上的能源消費量。 經過計算後，顯示載人運具類以自用小客車在台灣交通運輸中的佔比最高，而且其能源密度亦是所有車種中最耗能的，故部分的節能成效是最大的；貨運類則以營業用大貨車的比重最大，佔了貨運部門的七成以上。 最後進行許多最新技術的搜索，並歸納採取可推行的策略，包含運具轉換及新式車種的應用(如油電混合車、電動車等)，依照一定的配比去加以計算出節能量，並討論各種方案的背景及可行性。

Transportation plays a certain role in country economic. Recently, energy shortage and global warming were becoming serious problems. Since combustion of fossil fuels for energy results in greenhouse gas increasing, the issue of energy saving in transportation gradually gets attention. Most of the research topics in Taiwan are focus on development of new technology for cars or statistics of only few modes of transportation in a local region, but lack of the statistical data of total energy using and saving of Taiwan transportation, and can’t revealed the overall situation of Taiwan transportation clearly. Thus, this study collected all the usable data of transportation included department of statistics and institute of transportation, MOTC, Bureau of Energy, MOEA and journals about factors of energy consumption, statistical analysis of passenger-kilometers and ton-kilometers, and energy consumption of transportation. The result of this study shows that reducing the energy consumption of ordinary light vehicles, account for the highest proportion and most energy-consuming of all types of passenger vehicles in Taiwan, is most efficient way to save energy. As business heavy trucks is more than seventy percent of freight vehicles. After searched and reviewed the latest articles. Two strategies have been proposed: transferring activity structures and application of new types of car( HEV, BEV). At last, we compared with different proportionate distribution and calculated the amount of energy saved to find the available strategies.