請用此 Handle URI 來引用此文件:
http://tdr.lib.ntu.edu.tw/jspui/handle/123456789/64619
完整後設資料紀錄
DC 欄位 | 值 | 語言 |
---|---|---|
dc.contributor.advisor | 李百祺(Li, Pai-Chi) | |
dc.contributor.author | Hsin-Yu Chen | en |
dc.contributor.author | 陳信宇 | zh_TW |
dc.date.accessioned | 2021-06-16T17:58:31Z | - |
dc.date.available | 2012-08-15 | |
dc.date.copyright | 2012-08-15 | |
dc.date.issued | 2012 | |
dc.date.submitted | 2012-08-10 | |
dc.identifier.citation | [1] “Production of Sound by Radiant Energy”, Journals: Manufacturer and Builder, pp. 156-158, vol. 13 issue 7, July 1881, collected by Cornell library, http://fys.kuleuven.be/atf/Research_themes/rt_photoacoustic/rt_photo_pha .
[2] P. C. Li, “Principles of Medical Ultrasound,” Lecture Notes, National Taiwan University, Taipei, TW, May 2012. [3] C. A. Bennett, Jr. and R. R. Patty, 'Thermal wave interferometry: a potential application of the photoacoustic effect,' Appl Opt, vol. 21, pp. 49-54, Jan 1982. [4] U. Sander, H. H. Strehblow, and J. K. Dohrmann, 'In situ photoacoustic spectroscopy of thin oxide layers on metal electrodes. Copper in alkaline solution,' J Phys Chem., vol. 85, pp. 447-450, 1981. [5] S. E. Braslavsky and G. E. Heibel, 'Time-resolved photothermal and photoacoustic methods applied to photoinduced processes in solution,' Chem Rev, vol. 92, pp. 1381-1410, 1992. [6] E. Z. Zhang, J. G. Laufer, R. B. Pedley, and P. C. Beard, 'In vivo high-resolution 3D photoacoustic imaging of superficial vascular anatomy,' Phys Med Biol, vol. 54, pp. 1035-46, Feb 2009. [7] J. Laufer, E. Zhang, G. Raivich, and P. Beard, 'Three-dimensional noninvasive imaging of the vasculature in the mouse brain using a high resolution photoacoustic scanner,' Appl Optics, vol. 48, pp. D299-D306, Apr 2009. [8] S. Jiao, M. Jiang, J. Hu, A. Fawzi, Q. Zhou, K. K. Shung, C. A. Puliafito, and H. F. Zhang, 'Photoacoustic ophthalmoscopy for in vivo retinal imaging,' Opt Express, vol. 18, pp. 3967-72, Feb 2010. [9] J. Laufer, D. Delpy, C. Elwell, and P. Beard, 'Quantitative spatially resolved measurement of tissue chromophore concentrations using photoacoustic spectroscopy: application to the measurement of blood oxygenation and haemoglobin concentration,' Physics in Medicine and Biology, vol. 52, pp. 141-168, Jan 2007. [10] J. Jo and X. Yang, 'Functional photoacoustic imaging to observe regional brain activation induced by cocaine hydrochloride,' J Biomed Opt, vol. 16, p. 090506, Sep 2011. [11] A. Buehler, E. Herzog, D. Razansky, and V. Ntziachristos, 'Video rate optoacoustic tomography of mouse kidney perfusion,' Opt Lett, vol. 35, pp. 2475-2477, Jul 2010. [12] S. H. Wang, C. W. Wei, S. H. Jee, and P. C. Li, 'Photoacoustic temperature measurements for monitoring of thermal therapy,' Photons Plus Ultrasound: Imaging and Sensing 2009, vol. 7177, 2009. [13] R. J. Paproski, A. Forbrich, T. Harrison, M. Hitt, and R. J. Zemp, 'Photoacoustic imaging of gene expression using tyrosinase as a reporter gene,' Photons Plus Ultrasound: Imaging and Sensing 2011, vol. 7899, 2011. [14] A. de la Zerda, Z. Liu, S. Bodapati, R. Teed, S. Vaithilingam, B. T. Khuri-Yakub, X. Chen, H. Dai, and S. S. Gambhir, 'Ultrahigh sensitivity carbon nanotube agents for photoacoustic molecular imaging in living mice,' Nano Lett, vol. 10, pp. 2168-72, Jun 2010. [15] D. Razansky, M. Distel, C. Vinegoni, R. Ma, N. Perrimon, R. W. Koster, and V. Ntziachristos, 'Multispectral opto-acoustic tomography of deep-seated fluorescent proteins in vivo,' Nature Photonics, vol. 3, pp. 412-417, Jul 2009. [16] K. Jansen, A. F. van der Steen, H. M. van Beusekom, J. W. Oosterhuis, and G. van Soest, 'Intravascular photoacoustic imaging of human coronary atherosclerosis,' Opt Lett, vol. 36, pp. 597-9, Mar 2011. [17] B.Y. Hsieh and P.C. Li, 'Real-time intravascular ultrasound/photoacoustic imaging system with omni-directional light excitation', Proc. SPIE 8223, 822319, 2012. [18] L. V. Wang and H.-i. Wu, Biomedical optics : principles and imaging. Hoboken, N.J.: Wiley-Interscience, 2007. [19] ANSI Z136.3, “Safe Use of Lasers in Health Care Facilities”, Laser Institute of America, http://www.lia.org/publications/ansi/Z136-3 . [20] J. P. Noon, B. R. Walker, D. J. Webb, A. C. Shore, D. W. Holton, H. V. Edwards, and G. C. Watt, 'Impaired microvascular dilatation and capillary rarefaction in young adults with a predisposition to high blood pressure,' J Clin Invest, vol. 99, pp. 1873-9, Apr 1997. [21] K. Maslov, H. F. Zhang, S. Hu, and L. V. Wang, 'Optical-resolution photoacoustic microscopy for in vivo imaging of single capillaries,' Opt Lett, vol. 33, pp. 929-31, May 2008. [22] Z. Xie, S. Jiao, H. F. Zhang, and C. A. Puliafito, 'Laser-scanning optical-resolution photoacoustic microscopy,' Opt Lett, vol. 34, pp. 1771-3, Jun 2009. [23] R. Bitton, R. Zemp, J. Yen, L. V. Wang, and K. K. Shung, 'A 3-D high-frequency array based 16 channel photoacoustic microscopy system for in vivo micro-vascular imaging,' IEEE Trans Med Imaging, vol. 28, pp. 1190-7, Aug 2009. [24] L. Li, K. Maslov, G. Ku, and L. V. Wang, 'Three-dimensional combined photoacoustic and optical coherence microscopy for in vivo microcirculation studies,' Opt Express, vol. 17, pp. 16450-5, Sep 2009. [25] E. W. Stein, K. Maslov, and L. V. Wang, 'Noninvasive, in vivo imaging of blood-oxygenation dynamics within the mouse brain using photoacoustic microscopy,' J Biomed Opt, vol. 14, p. 020502, Mar-Apr 2009. [26] J. Staley, P. Grogan, A. K. Samadi, H. Cui, M. S. Cohen, and X. Yang, 'Growth of melanoma brain tumors monitored by photoacoustic microscopy,' J Biomed Opt, vol. 15, p. 040510, Jul-Aug 2010. [27] J. T. Oh, M. L. Li, H. F. Zhang, K. Maslov, G. Stoica, and L. V. Wang, 'Three-dimensional imaging of skin melanoma in vivo by dual-wavelength photoacoustic microscopy,' J Biomed Opt, vol. 11, p. 34032, May-Jun 2006. [28] K. H. Song, C. H. Kim, C. M. Cobley, Y. N. Xia, and L. V. Wang, 'Near-Infrared Gold Nanocages as a New Class of Tracers for Photoacoustic Sentinel Lymph Node Mapping on a Rat Model,' Nano Letters, vol. 9, pp. 183-188, Jan 2009. [29] K. L. Muratikov, A. L. Glazov, D. N. Rose, J. E. Dumar, and G. H. Quay, 'Photodeflection and photoacoustic microscopy of cracks and residual stresses induced by Vickers indentation in silicon nitride ceramic,' Technical Physics Letters, vol. 23, pp. 188-190, Mar 1997. [30] Y. Nagata, K. Yamanaka, H. Ogiso, S. Nakano, and T. Koda, ' Characterization of ion implanted silicon and diamond by variable wavelength photoacoustic microscopy and scanning acoustic microscopy,' Nondestructive Testing and Evaluation, vol. 8-9, pp. 1013-1023, 1992. [31] L. D. Favro, P. K. Kuo, J. J. Pouch, and R. L. Thomas, 'Photoacoustic Microscopy of an Integrated-Circuit,' Applied Physics Letters, vol. 36, pp. 953-954, 1980. [32] T. M. Adams and R. A. Layton, Introductory MEMS : fabrication and applications. New York: Springer. [33] S. Saliterman, Fundamentals of bioMEMS and medical microdevices., Bellingham, Wash.: Wiley-Interscience ;SPIE Press, 2006. [34] X. Li, J. Yin, C. Hu, Q. Zhou, K. K. Shung, and Z. Chen, 'High-resolution coregistered intravascular imaging with integrated ultrasound and optical coherence tomography probe,' Appl Phys Lett, vol. 97, p. 133702, Sep 2010. [35] M. B. Wallace and P. Fockens, 'Probe-based confocal laser endomicroscopy,' Gastroenterology, vol. 136, pp. 1509-13, May 2009. [36] D. Bird and M. Gu, 'Two-photon fluorescence endoscopy with a micro-optic scanning head,' Opt Lett, vol. 28, pp. 1552-4, Sep 2003. [37] J. Wang, 'Glucose biosensors: 40 years of advances and challenges,' Electroanalysis, vol. 13, pp. 983-988, Aug 2001. [38] Electrochemistry Encyclopedia, Case Western Reserve University, http://electrochem.cwru.edu/encycl/art-g01-glucose.htm . [39] T. Muller-Reichert, Electron microscopy of model systems, 1st ed. Amsterdam ; Boston.: Academic Press/Elsevier, 2010. [40] M. G. Gustafsson, 'Nonlinear structured-illumination microscopy: wide-field fluorescence imaging with theoretically unlimited resolution,' Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A, vol. 102, pp. 13081-6, Sep 2005. [41] S. T. Hess, T. P. Girirajan, and M. D. Mason, 'Ultra-high resolution imaging by fluorescence photoactivation localization microscopy,' Biophys J, vol. 91, pp. 4258-72, Dec 2006. [42] E. Betzig and J. K. Trautman, 'Near-field optics: microscopy, spectroscopy, and surface modification beyond the diffraction limit,' Science, vol. 257, pp. 189-95, Jul 1992. [43] P. C. Li, C. W. Wei, and Y. L. Sheu, 'Subband photoacoustic imaging for contrast improvement,' Opt Express, vol. 16, pp. 20215-26, Dec 2008. [44] Y. Oshikane, T. Kataoka, M. Okuda, S. Hara, H. Inoue, and M. Nakano, 'Observation of nanostructure by scanning near-field optical microscope with small sphere probe,' Science and Technology of Advanced Materials, vol. 8, pp. 181-185, Apr 2007. [45] H. C. Chang, “Fourier Transform and Fourier Optics,” Lecture Notes, National Taiwan University, Taipei, TW, Sep 2011. [46] S. S. Haykin, Communication systems, 4th ed. New York: Wiley, 2001. [47] J. L. Yeh, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan, 2010. [48] A. A. Kosterev and F. K. Tittel, 'Ammonia Detection by Use of Quartz-Enhanced Photoacoustic Spectroscopy with a Near-IR Telecommunication Diode Laser,' Appl. Opt., vol. 43, pp. 6213-6217, 2004. [49] P. L. Meyer and M. W. Sigrist, 'Atmospheric-Pollution Monitoring Using Co2-Laser Photoacoustic-Spectroscopy and Other Techniques,' Rev Sci Instrum, vol. 61, pp. 1779-1807, Jul 1990. [50] H. F. Zhang, K. Maslov, G. Stoica, and L. V. Wang, 'Functional photoacoustic microscopy for high-resolution and noninvasive in vivo imaging,' Nat Biotechnol, vol. 24, pp. 848-51, Jul 2006. [51] P. H. Wang, J. J. Luh, W. S. Chen, and M. L. Li, 'In vivo photoacoustic micro-imaging of microvascular changes for Achilles tendon injury on a mouse model,' Biomed Opt Express, vol. 2, pp. 1462-9, Jun 2011. [52] Specification of Protected Silver Mirror (PF10-03-P01), Thorlabs, NJ, USA, http://www.thorlabs.us/catalogpages/V21/772.PDF . [53] Beam Expander, CVI Melles Griot, NM, USA, https://www.cvimellesgriot.com/ . [54] R. Sharples, “Optical System Design”, Lecture Notes, University of Durham, UK, http://astro.dur.ac.uk/~rsharp/opticaldesign/Lecture2/Lecture2.pdf . [55] Laser Collaborative Undergraduate Lab for Teaching, Oklohoma State University, http://cheville.okstate.edu/photonicslab/resources/tutorial/Alignment/lenses.htm . [56] TALP1000B Analog Mirror Driver and Estimating Feedback Position Controller (datasheet), Texas Instruments, TX, USA, http://www.ti.com/litv/pdf/dlpa009 . [57] M. McCormick, circuit schematics, Texas Instruments, TX, USA, http://e2e.ti.com/support/dlp__mems_micro-electro-mechanical_systems/f/94/t/72961.aspx . [58] B. Carter, 'Handbook of Operational Amplifier Applications', Texas Instruments, TX, USA, http://www.ti.com/lit/an/sboa092a/sboa092a.pdf . [59] G. F. Franklin, J. D. Powell, and A. Emami-Naeini, Feedback control of dynamic systems, 5th ed. Upper Saddle River, N.J.: Pearson Prentice Hall, 2006. [60] S. Hu, K. Maslov, and L. V. Wang, 'Second-generation optical-resolution photoacoustic microscopy with improved sensitivity and speed,' Opt Lett, vol. 36, pp. 1134-6, Apr 2011. [61] S. Hu, K. Maslov, and L. V. Wang, 'In vivo functional chronic imaging of a small animal model using optical-resolution photoacoustic microscopy,' Med Phys, vol. 36, pp. 2320-3, Jun 2009. [62] 'ANSI Z136.1 American National Standard for Safe Use of Lasers', American National Standards Institute, DC, USA, 2007 | |
dc.identifier.uri | http://tdr.lib.ntu.edu.tw/jspui/handle/123456789/64619 | - |
dc.description.abstract | 本研究的目的在於設計一個微小且能高速取像的光聲顯微鏡。光聲影像系統為生醫影像的一支,主要探測人體組織吸收度形成對比。目前,光聲成像已廣泛應用在血管及血液的三維型態及功能性造影。前者可觀察腫瘤的血管新生或是創傷的血管癒合,後者則能監控血液中的血氧及血糖濃度,提供診斷和治療的依據;此外,光聲腦部影像和分子影像也有很大的發展潛力。
光聲顯微鏡則是一種高空間解析度的光聲影像系統,它的解析度到達數個微米的等級,可用來取得組織中微血管的影像,甚至可以觀察單一紅血球的運動。然而,目前的光聲顯微鏡成像速度普遍較慢,而且空間及對比解析度受到共軛校準的影響甚鉅。 本研究設計的目標為加速成像、系統微小化和提高解析度。這些技術在探針式光聲顯微系統設計,或是光聲顯微與其他影像系統整合中皆扮演關鍵角色。因此,在先導研究中,使用可調波長的鈦藍寶石雷射、單模光纖和 DVD 雷射頭組成光學系統,並用非聚焦探頭近場偵測光聲信號。對仿體進行造影測試,以探討系統的性能。首先利用毛髮仿體,可得橫向解析度約為 14.0um,而軸向解析度則有 50um 左右的水準,大約是30MHz超音波的波長。使用印刷的灰階仿體,發現經由 gamma 曲線修正後,光聲影像的對比與光學吸收度大致成線性,回歸係數為0.92。透過水聽筒測試,發現雜訊等效聲壓為 28.45Pa,與其他光聲顯微系統相仿。 為了實現系統微小化和加速成像,本研究近一步採用 MEMS 技術的光學微鏡掃描子系統。此掃描鏡透過DSP微處理機及外部電路驅動和回授控制,可用 130Hz 以上的速度導引雷射光束,掃描樣品平面。在應用方面,則是演示了對於石墨型血糖試紙的非破壞性檢測。 | zh_TW |
dc.description.abstract | In this study, a miniature photoacoustic microscopy is designed for rapid image acquisition. Photoacoustic (PA) imaging is a biomedical imaging modality capable of creating images whose contrast is specific on optical absorption. Existing applications of PA imaging includes 3D visualization of vessels, arteries and blood flow. Under PA images, anatomical information such as tumor angiogenesis and vessel wound healing can be visualized. Besides, functional imaging of blood oxygen and sugar levels can also be performed for diagnosis and treatment purposes. Furthermore, PA brain imaging and molecular imaging have become rapidly growing fields. Photoacoustic microscopy (PAM) is a high-resolution version of PA imaging. With micron-order spatial resolution, PAM is capable of visualizing capillaries in tissues, even dynamics of a single RBC. Unfortunately, existing PAM designs suffer from low imaging speed. In addition, both spatial and contrast resolution depends crucially on the confocal alignment. The proposed solution in this study aims to accelerate image acquisition, minimize device size and improve resolution. Such design has great potential in probe-based PAMs, or an integrated multi-modality system including PAM function. In a feasibility study, we present a PAM based on single-mode fiber and DVD pickup head, in order to minimize the optics. Acoustic near-field detection is proposed, with which image resolution is solely determined by laser spot size and near-field behaviour of ultrasound. Phantom studies have been conducted to characterize the performance of this device. With a hair phantom, the lateral resolution is assessed at 14.0um. The axial resolution reaches 50um, corresponding to the wavelength of a 30MHz ultrasound frequency in water. The PA signal amplitude is approximately linear to optical absorption, with a 0.92 correlation coefficient, after fitting a gamma-corrected model. The noise equivalent pressure (NEP) of 28.45(Pa) is comparable to other PAM systems. To make PAM both smaller and faster, a MEMS optical scanning mirror is featured in this study. The mirror, which is controlled by DSP and an analog interface circuit, scans the laser beam across the specimen plane at a 130Hz speed. An application is demonstrated, where non-destructive testing is conducted on glucose test strips used in glucose meters. | en |
dc.description.provenance | Made available in DSpace on 2021-06-16T17:58:31Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 ntu-101-R99945001-1.pdf: 2287440 bytes, checksum: 060bf5faec3f7c747740d8ac79626031 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012 | en |
dc.description.tableofcontents | 口試委員會審定書 #
誌謝 i 中文摘要 ii ABSTRACT iii CONTENTS v LIST OF FIGURES x LIST OF TABLES xiv Chapter 1 Introduction 1 1.1 Biomedical Imaging : A Brief Review 1 1.2 Photoacoustics : Principle and Application 2 1.2.1 Introduction 2 1.2.2 Generation of Photoacoustic Waves 4 1.2.3 Propagation of Photoacoustic Waves 6 1.2.4 Safety Regulations of Biomedical Laser 7 1.3 Photoacoustic Microscopic Imaging 8 1.4 Current Challenges in the PAM Technology 10 1.5 Proposed Solution : Faster and Smaller 12 1.5.1 Miniature Optics using Commercial DVD Head 12 1.5.2 Rapid Image Acquisition with MEMS Optical Scanning 14 Chapter 2 A Feasibility Study : Fiber-Based DVD Head Photoacoustic Microscopy 16 2.1 Motivation 16 2.2 Design and System Architecture 17 2.3 Optical Resolution 22 2.3.1 Optical Resolution or Acoustic Resolution 22 2.3.2 Diffraction-Limit : Theoretical Resolution 23 2.4 Results : Phantom Study 24 2.4.1 Two-Dimensional Imaging 24 2.4.2 Spatial Resolution 26 2.4.3 Contrast Resolution 31 2.5 An Application : Glucose Strip NDT 34 2.5.1 Composition of Blood Glucose Test Strips 34 2.5.2 Imaging the Photocopied Strip 36 2.5.3 The Actual Glucose Strip 38 2.5.4 Discussion 40 Chapter 3 Near-field Acoustic Wave Detection 43 3.1 Approaches to Improving Resolution 43 3.2 Principle of Acoustic Fields and Waves 45 3.3 Selection of Transducer 46 3.3.1 Center Frequency 46 3.3.2 Transducer Focusing 50 3.4 Near-Field 51 3.4.1 Two Interpretations : Physical and Fourier Domain 52 3.4.2 Improving Resolution with Near-Field Detection 55 3.5 Noise Characterization 57 3.5.1 Noise Level and Sensitivity 58 3.5.2 Theoretical NEP Analysis 59 3.5.3 Experimental Design to Determine NEP 61 3.6 Trigger Signal 65 3.6.1 Source of Trigger Signal 66 3.6.2 Correction of PA Signal Intensity 68 3.7 Axial Resolution 69 3.7.1 Theoretical Resolution 69 3.7.2 A-Line and Image Analysis 70 3.7.3 Multiple Reflection of Glass-Based Phantom 71 Chapter 4 System Architecture 74 4.1 Current Photoacoustic Microscopy Design 74 4.1.1 Current Applications 74 4.1.2 Scanning Mechanism 75 4.1.3 System Size Problem 76 4.2 The MEMS Optical-Scanning Photoacoustic Microscopy 77 4.2.1 System Architecture and Diagram 78 4.2.2 Table Top Setup 79 Chapter 5 Optical and Opto-Mechanical Subsystem 81 5.1 Choice of Laser Wavelength 82 5.2 Optical Design 83 5.2.1 Optical Design of Microscopy 84 5.2.2 The Mirrors 84 5.2.3 The Beam Expander 85 5.2.4 The Optical Scanning 87 5.2.5 The Objective Lens 87 5.3 Zemax Simulation of Optical Design 89 5.4 Opto-Mechanical Design 91 5.4.1 System Dimensions 92 5.4.2 Objective Focusing Mechanism 93 5.4.3 Scanning Mirror Holder 94 5.4.4 Other Components 96 5.5 Optical Alignment 97 5.5.1 Alignment Accuracy and Performance 97 5.5.2 Alignment Techniques 99 5.6 Mechanical Processing 101 5.6.1 Mechanical Processing Considerations 101 5.6.2 Bolts, Screws and Threads 102 Chapter 6 MEMS Optical Scanning Subsystem 106 6.1 The TI MEMS Scanning Mirror 106 6.2 Platform 107 6.2.1 The Bench-Top Setup for Mirror Testing 108 6.2.2 On-Line Circuit and Mirror Setup 110 6.3 Hardware : The Mirror Controlling Circuit 110 6.3.1 Overview of mirror controller design 111 6.3.2 The Analog Interface Circuit Design 112 6.3.3 Signal Flow in the Circuit 114 6.3.4 Circuit Layout and PCB 116 6.3.5 Electrical and Sensor Noise Characteristics 117 6.4 Software 119 6.4.1 DSP Program and Timing 119 6.4.2 Mirror Control Flow 122 6.4.3 The PID Feedback Algorithm 123 Chapter 7 Results and Discussion 127 7.1 Spatial Resolution 127 7.1.1 Resolution in the Lateral Direction 127 7.1.2 Resolution in the Axial Direction 129 7.2 Contrast Resolution 129 7.2.1 Gamma-Corrected Contrast Model 130 7.3 Sensitivity and Noise 133 7.4 System Size and Imaging Speed 134 7.5 Applications 135 Chapter 8 Conclusions and Future Work 137 REFERENCE 141 Appendix 148 Appendix I Safety Regulation of biomedical laser 148 Maximum Permissible Exposure (MPE) for Point Source Ocular Exposure to a Laser Beam [62] 148 Maximum Permissible Exposure (MPE) for Skin Exposure to a Laser Beam [62] 149 | |
dc.language.iso | en | |
dc.title | 運用近場聲波偵測之光學掃描式光聲顯微鏡 | zh_TW |
dc.title | Optical-scanning Photoacoustic Microscopy with Acoustic Near-Field Detection | en |
dc.type | Thesis | |
dc.date.schoolyear | 100-2 | |
dc.description.degree | 碩士 | |
dc.contributor.oralexamcommittee | 郭柏齡(Kuo, Po-Ling),宋孔彬(Sung, Kung-Bin),沈哲州(Che-Chou Shen),鄭耿璽(Gency Jeng) | |
dc.subject.keyword | 生醫影像,光聲影像,近場超音波,光學顯微術,光學 MEMS, | zh_TW |
dc.subject.keyword | biomedical imaging,photoacoustic imaging,near-field ultrasound,optical microscopy,MEMS optics, | en |
dc.relation.page | 149 | |
dc.rights.note | 有償授權 | |
dc.date.accepted | 2012-08-10 | |
dc.contributor.author-college | 電機資訊學院 | zh_TW |
dc.contributor.author-dept | 生醫電子與資訊學研究所 | zh_TW |
顯示於系所單位: | 生醫電子與資訊學研究所 |
文件中的檔案:
檔案 | 大小 | 格式 | |
---|---|---|---|
ntu-101-1.pdf 目前未授權公開取用 | 2.23 MB | Adobe PDF |
系統中的文件,除了特別指名其著作權條款之外,均受到著作權保護,並且保留所有的權利。