兩岸經濟合作架構協議(ECFA)之農業早收清單分析

Abstract

近年來各國為促進對外經貿發展，競相投入區域間的經貿整合或積極洽簽自由貿易協定。而台灣與中國大陸於2010年6月29日簽署的「兩岸經濟合作架構協議（Economic Cooperation Framework Agreement，以下簡稱 ECFA）」即可視為自由貿易協定的前置協定。 本研究之目的是探討在簽署ECFA前，台灣與中國大陸是以何原則來選定農業早收清單，而相關農產品業者對ECFA看法為何。研究範圍是針對早收清單內二項漁產品（石斑魚、秋刀魚）及三項農產品（文心蘭、香蕉、茶葉）為例，除實地訪談調查相關業者外，並測算兩岸相關農產品之顯示性競爭優勢指數（RCA）並分析。另外，本研究並提出三項其他農產品（冷凍黃鰭鮪、鮮葡萄、蝴蝶蘭）對外銷大陸潛力做進一步分析。 在蒐集兩岸相關資訊與業者訪談後，本研究提出幾項建議： 一、 強化兩岸對於智慧財產權的保護監管及審查機制 二、 兩岸在農產品檢驗標準不同，需待雙方協商解決 三、 建立業者與農民契作生產專區，以提供品質齊一、供貨穩定之農產品 四、 建立台灣農產品品牌形象，業者應主動積極開拓大陸市場通路 五、 破除零關稅是影響外銷農產品至大陸主要因素之迷思 六、 應對大陸相關農產品政令政策深入了解

In the past decades, regional integration of economies and trade and Free Trade Agreements (FTAs) have become the core policy for many countries to promote foreign trade. The signing of the Economic Cooperation Framework Agreement (ECFA) between Taiwan and Mainland China on June 29, 2010 is one example. This Agreement can be regarded as the antecedent of a formal FTA for both sides. The purpose of this study is to investigate what are the criteria that Taiwan and Mainland China adopted in the negotiation of ECFA’s early harvest list of agricultural products and how Taiwanese agricultural and fishery producers would evaluate the effectiveness of this Agreement in promoting mutual agricultural trade. The focus of this investigation is on two fishery products, Grouper and Pacific Saury, and three agricultural products, Oncidium orchids, Bananas and Tea. Besides interviewing the concerned producers and exporters, this study also uses the indices of Revealed Competitive Advantage (RCA) to compare the relative competiveness of both sides. Furthermore, this study also investigates the export potential of three agricultural and fishery products to Mainland China: frozen yellow fin tuna, fresh grapes and Phalaenopsis. This study concludes that : 1. The protection of intellectual property rights and the study of related regulatory systems of both sides need to be strengthened. 2. The difference in quarantine standards on agricultural products between Taiwan and Mainland China needs to be reconciled. 3. In order to provide quality products and stabilize the export quantity, contract production needs to be promoted between Taiwanese farmers and exporters. 4. In order to promote agricultural export to Mainland China, Taiwanese exporters need to pay more attention to the exploration of Mainland China’s market. 5. The myth that tax-free treatment is essential for agricultural products to export to Mainland China needs to be disregarded. 6. Taiwanese exporters need to study Mainland China’s agricultural policies more intensively and extensively.