古漢語同源異形詞研究──以《經典釋文》「二反」、「三反」、「二音」、「三音」字為對象

Abstract

同源異形詞是個別語言中，來自從前同一個詞位，語源有關的形式。同源異形詞的研究，是內部構擬法與比較方法的交會處。因此，古漢語同源異形詞的研究，不只是前上古漢語的研究，也是原始漢藏語研究的一部分。因為將轉換與規則對應視為一個整體，由比較方法構擬的原始漢藏語系統，得以用來解釋古漢語同源異形詞。 第一章是序論，定義了同源異形詞，並說明本文的討論框架。第二章討論《經典釋文》的術語「二反」、「三反」、「二音」、「三音」。由這些術語標記的一字異讀大部分並不別義，顯示它們是同源異形詞。這些同源異形詞正是本文討論的對象。 第三章至第七章討論這些同源異形詞轉換，由什麼音變造成。依序討論聲母的發聲、聲母的調音、介音、主要元音，以及韻尾。第八章則是結論，列出前幾章討論的所有音變。

Doublets (or triplets) are etymologically related forms derived from the same original morpheme in a given language. The study on etymological doublets is the interface of internal reconstruction and comparative method. Therefore, the study on Old Chinese doublets is not only a study on Pre-Old Chinese, but also a part of Proto-Sino-Tibetan studies. Viewing alternations and correspondences as a whole, it is therefore possible to apply the Proto-Sino-Tibetan system reconstructed by comparative method to the interpretation of Old Chinese doublets. Chapter 1 is the introduction. The definition of doublets and the scope of the present study are illustrated. In chapter 2, I discussed the terms “two phonetic annotations”(二反、二音) and “three phonetic annotations”(三反、三音) in The Annotation of Classics. The different pronunciations of the same characters annotated by these terms mostly have the same meanings. It indicates that they are doublets. And these doublets are which the present study aims to discuss. In chapter 3 to 7, I tried to discuss the sound changes, which have brought the alternations of these doublets into existence. The chapters are arranged in the following order: phonation types of onsets, articulations of onsets, medials, nuclear vowels, and codas. Chapter 8 is the conclusion. All the sound changes discussed in the previous chapters are illustrated.