不同公園情境對自然度感受及偏好影響之研究

Abstract

一般而言，人類對自然環境具有較正面的評價，但仍有相關研究指出較自然的環境不一定是較被偏好的，然而自然度是景觀環境中的重要視覺特徵，為觀察者判斷與自然相似程度的景觀認知，因此所謂的「自然」究竟指的是何種景觀環境，又是否在不同環境地點中，對所謂的「自然」之定義亦有所不同，而何種自然為較受喜愛的自然等問題則為本研究之研究課題。本研究之主要目的為了解影響知覺自然度之因素為何，評估不同公園情境中之知覺自然度是否不同，並探討民眾於不同公園情境下，其自然度及偏好關係是否有所差異。本研究透過實地勘查進行照片拍攝，於國家公園及都市公園進行照片收集，最後共選取基準照片100張照片作為本實驗之刺激物，並請受測者分別於不同公園情境評估之植被豐富性、環境自發生長程度、人工元素多寡、環境整體健康程度與自然度感受，並進行偏好評估。分析結果顯示知覺自然度與植被豐富性、環境自發生長程度及環境整體健康程度呈正相關，與人工元素多寡呈負相關；在不同情境中受測者知覺自然度有所不同，受測者於都市公園情境中之平均知覺自然度評值高於國家公園情境組；不同情境之自然度與偏好關係方面，在國家公園組中，研究結果顯示自然度評值可顯著解釋景觀偏好，迴歸模型之解釋力為14.8%，而都市公園組方面，研究結果顯示自然度評值及其平方可顯著解釋偏好，即自然度及景觀偏好為一倒U字型曲線關係，當自然度評值為6.362時偏好最高，其迴歸模型之解釋力為11.9%。由此結果發現受測者於較天然之環境時，其知覺自然度越高，偏好越高；當受測者處於較人工之環境時，其知覺自然度越高，偏好越高，但當知覺自然度高於一定程度時，偏好會降低。研究結果可了解人們對不同類型之公園的自然感受及偏好間的關係，提出較具體的方向，作為未來環境規劃與景觀設計等相關單位於實務操作以及管理機關訂定相關評估標準時之參考，並提供未來研究發展之建議。

The main purpose of this study is to determine the effect factors of landscape preferences, evaluate whether there are different perceived degrees of naturalness within different park contexts, and discuss the relationship between perceived naturalness and preferences in different park contexts. The research method was by field photography survey, and collection of stimuli by taking pictures in national and urban parks. After choosing 100 pictures as stimuli, respondents placed value on the abundance of vegetation, spontaneous nature, quantity of anthropic element, health, perceived naturalness, and preference. The results showed that perceived naturalness is negatively correlated to the quantity of anthropic elements and positively correlated to the abundance of vegetation, spontaneous nature, and health; with the main factors of perceived naturalness as spontaneous nature and health. Regarding the different contexts, perceived naturalness for respondents of urban parks is higher than the respondents of national parks. It was inferred that natural environments have higher standards of perceived naturalness than in artificial environments. In national parks, while perceived naturalness value is higher, the landscape preference value continues to increase. The regression model showed that perceived naturalness and perceived naturalness square can explain 14.8% of landscape preference for national parks. On the other hand, urban scenes showed an inverted U-shape curve was found between perceived naturalness and landscape preference, with 6.36 the most preferred perceived naturalness value. The regression model showed that perceived naturalness and squared perceived naturalness can explain 11.9% of landscape preference for urban parks. In conclusion, when respondents are in a rather natural environment, the higher perceived naturalness would lead to higher preference, and when respondent are in a rather artificial environment, the higher perceived naturalness would lead to higher preference; however, when perceived naturalness is higher than a certain extent, the preference will be reduced.