一帶一路六年回顧：中國的新帝國主義

Abstract

「一帶一路」政策自2013年中國政府推出後引起廣泛的討論，也引來西方國家以及學者的負面批評。論者多主張「一帶一路」政策將造成債務陷阱，甚至侵犯主權等。本文透過引用華盛頓智庫美國企業研究所（AEI）旗下的「中國全球投資追踪」資料庫，描繪出2013年以來中國「一帶一路」政策與失敗投資，其投資領域及地區的分布情況，以及蒐集「一帶一路」負面新聞資料，並且歸納學者相關論述，發現：中國「一帶一路」政策於產業面仍是著重於能源及金屬礦物等自然資源的鞏固，與之前的投資領域相仿。在地域面上則著重於東亞、西亞及非洲，有別於過去投資於美國、英國、澳洲等先進國家。 「帝國主義」理論經過百餘年的演變，已經有相當大的變化，如今學者對中國「一帶一路」政策的批評已有別於傳統定義，已經成為一種新型態的「帝國主義」，以David Harvey《新帝國主義》一書中對於美國的對外擴張的描繪，最能夠詮釋中國「一帶一路」的擴張行為。回顧中國「一帶一路」政策在各地引起的爭議，並比較學者對中國「一帶一路」的批評，本文認為中國「一帶一路」確實為新型態的「帝國主義」，或可稱為「中式帝國主義」。

'One Belt One Road' policy has caused widespread discussion since the Chinese government launched it in 2013, and it has also attracted negative criticism from Western countries and scholars. Many commentators advocate that “One Belt One Road” policy will lead to debt traps and even violate sovereignty. Referring to the 'China Global Investment Tracker' database owned by the American Enterprise Institute(AEI) of Washington think tank, this dissertation depicts China’s 'One Belt One Road' policy since 2013, failed investments and the distribution of investment’s regions and fields, and this dissertation also collects negative news of “One Belt One Road” and summarizes scholars’ related discussion. “One Belt One Road” still focuses on consolidation of natural resources, such as energy and metal materials, similar to the past investment field. The regional focus is on East Asia, West Asia and Africa, which is different from the past investment in developed countries, such as the United States, Britain, and Australia. The 'Imperialism' theory has undergone considerable changes after more than a hundred years of evolution. Now scholars have criticized China's 'One Belt One Road' policy, which is different from the traditional definition, and has become a new type of 'Imperialism.' The depiction of US external expansion in David Harvey's book 'New Imperialism' is the best interpretation of China's 'One Belt One Road' expansion. Looking back at the controversy caused by China’s “One Belt One Road” policy and comparing to scholars’ criticisms of China’s “One Belt One Road”, this dissertation considers that China’s “One Belt One Road” is indeed a new type of “Imperialism” or “Chinese Imperialism.”