鄉村地區高齡者健康資訊行為之研究

Abstract

隨著近代以來公共衛生及醫藥科技的高度發展，各項疾病得以有效防治，死亡率因而逐年下降，又因所得及生活品質大幅改善與提升，使得我國國民平均餘命不斷延長，高齡者人口日趨增加；鄉村地區由於青壯年人口外移，高齡人口比例偏高，面對高齡者健康照護及健康需求的問題越來越受到重視。本研究旨在探討鄉村地區高齡者健康資訊行為，採用2010年「鄉村地區老年人健康資訊需求與行為研究」之鄉村高齡者受訪調查資料進行分析，以了解影響鄉村地區高齡者健康資訊需求、健康資訊認知重要性、健康資訊尋求和健康尋求行為，並進一步將健康資訊需求、健康資訊認知重要性、健康資訊尋求進行因素分析、相關分析和多變量變異數分析，探討個人背景變項和個人健康狀態與健康資訊行為之關係。本研究之實證結果如下：（1）鄉村地區高齡者健康資訊需求之內涵，包括：運動健身、飲食營養、醫院看診、預防保健、養生防老和疾病治療等六類，且與鄉村地區高齡者之年齡、教育程度、老化適應態度健康維持態度相關；（2）鄉村地區高齡者健康資訊認知重要性之內涵與健康資訊需求相同，且與鄉村地區高齡者之老化適應態度和健康維持態度相關；（3）鄉村地區高齡者健康資訊尋求來源，可分為諮詢傳播來源、機構傳播來源、大眾傳播來源和人際傳播來源等四類，而個人背景或個人健康狀況，對各類型之資訊尋求來源有不同的影響；（4）鄉村地區高齡者健康尋求方式，可分為直接健康尋求和間接健康尋求兩類，而教育程度和健康維持態度，為影響鄉村地區高齡者選擇直接或間接健康尋求的重要因素。

With highly development of public health and medical technology, many diseases could be prevented effectively, and mortality rate has gone done annually. In addition, Taiwan people’s life expectancy has extended and elderly increases due to improvement of income and life quality. The elder population ratio in rural area gets even higher because many young people move out of rural areas. So that elderly health care and health demand has aroused much more concern. The purpose of this study is to analyze rural area elderly health information behavior. The study analysis the data of “2010 Elderly Health Information Need and Behavior Study of Rural Areas” to understand rural elderly’s health information need, health information perceived importance, health information seeking and health-seeking behavior. The study further use factor analysis, correlation analysis and Multivariate analysis of variance to analyze the relationship between personal factors, personal health status and health information behavior. The results of this empirical simulation are summarized as follows: (1) Rural elderly’s health information need includes: exercise and fitness, nutrition, health service, preventive health care, aging and health improvement and treatment, and it is correlated to rural elderly’s age, education status, attitudes toward aging and approaches to health maintenance; (2) The components of rural elderly’s health information perceived importance are the same as health information need, and they are correlated to rural elderly’s attitudes toward aging and approaches to health maintenance; (3) Rural elderly’s health information seeking sources can be classified to four categories, which are: consulting source, agency source, mass communication source and interpersonal source. The personal factors and personal health status have different effects to the four sources; (4) Rural elderly’s health-seeking behavior can be classified to direct health-seeking behavior and indirect health-seeking behavior. The rural elderly’s education status and approaches to health maintenance are two major factors for their health-seeking behavior.