古希臘文學中的自我形塑－－國家的迷思、社群與自我

Abstract

人的自我形成，仰賴社群提供的位置與價值，但並非所有人皆能滿足於社群的規範，因此往往會藉由跳脫社群框架來尋求屬於自己的生命經驗。基於血緣紐帶而建立的「家」，以及大於所有社群的「國」，是影響人自我形塑最深的社群建制。而血權與父權，則是兩個左右「家」的重要權威。本文透過分析Aeschylus的Prometheus Bound、Oresteian Trilogy，Sophocles的Antigone、Oedipus the King、Oedipus at Colonus以及柏拉圖的Apology和Crito等古希臘文學作品中自我的呈現，來探尋人的自我是如何形塑，以及形塑自我的價值對人的意義為何。

The formation of self depends on positions and values given by communities. However, those givens cannot always satisfy every individual within. Therefore some of them tend to search beyond the boundaries of communities, searching their own unique experience of lives. Family and state are two of the most influential communities dominate over the formation of self. And when it comes to family, kindred obligation and paternity are two of the most important authorities rule over it. By analyzing the text of Aeschylus’s Prometheus Bound and Oresteian Trilogy, Sophocles’ Antigone, Oedipus the King, Oedipus at Colonus and Plate’s Apology and Crito, the thesis intends to find out the way of forming one’s self and the values which leading it.