系統化營業秘密管理研究

Abstract

企業無論是透過研究創新或透過商業合作，取得技術上的進步或商業上的知識經驗，可使企業具有更多的能力與洞見，對於企業保持競爭力極具重要性，尤其可以藉此判斷及選擇最佳的企業定位與商業模式。這些技術上的精進結果與商業上的分析歸納，可以在企業內部予以保密而成為營業秘密。然而，透過這些營業秘密所獲得的優勢，也可能朝不保暮；營業秘密一旦被洩漏或被他人不法利用，除了經濟上的直接損失、商譽的減損，企業還可能面臨喪失核心競爭力的風險，而且所遭受的損害往往難以彌補。因此，對於營業秘密的管理，不僅應該從資產管理的角度立足，更應該從風險管理的角度匹配。營業秘密保護除了是日常不可忽視的資產管理，也是重要的風險管理，更具有競爭力管理的積極內涵。 本論文透過問卷研究台灣企業在營業秘密管理上的現況，包括較常採取的管理措施、可能的疏漏、處理爭議事件的態度，並以台灣法院民事、刑事判決的公開案例分析發生營業秘密侵害爭議的產業別、被告身分、所涉及被侵害的營業秘密類型、常見的侵害方式等。透過前述問卷與具體案例分析找出管理營業秘密的重要脈絡，並以台灣積體電路製造股份有限公司 (TSMC)為對象，透過公開信息的蒐集剖析該公司成功管理營業秘密的關鍵因素，最後建議企業以資產管理與風險管理的角度，採取以簡馭繁的步驟逐步建立系統化的營業秘密管理機制，積極防堵或降低營業秘密被洩漏的可能性，以維持企業競爭力。

The capabilities and insights gained from technological advances and commercial knowledge and experience, whether achieved through innovative R&D or business cooperation, are essential to a business's ability to remain competitive, particularly in determining optimal positioning strategies and business models. The results of technological advances and conclusions of commercial analysis can be kept in confidence as an enterprise's trade secrets. The benefits derived from such trade secrets, however, can be quickly compromised. Once a trade secret is leaked or exploited illegally, an enterprise may face not only direct economic loss and damage to reputation, but also the risk of losing its core competitiveness, which is often difficult to recover from. Hence, management of trade secrets should be considered from the perspective of asset management and be paired with risk management. In other words, trade secret protection is not just asset management, a daily part of operation that cannot be ignored, but also important for risk management, and an active way of managing competitiveness. This paper investigates how Taiwanese enterprises manage their trade secrets currently via questionnaires by probing into commonly-adopted management measures, possible oversights, and approaches towards managing disputes. It also analyzes Taiwanese civil and criminal court judgments involving trade secret infringement disputes to examine industries involved, the asserted infringers' identities, the types of trade secrets being infringed on, and common forms of misappropriation. Through analyzing the questionnaire results and specific cases, this research aims to find important frameworks for managing trade secrets. Further, by collecting and examining public information on the Taiwan Semiconductor Manufacturing Company’s (TSMC's) key success factors in their management of trade secrets, this paper suggests enterprises gradually establish systematic mechanisms for trade secret management step by step and actively prevent or reduce the possibility of trade secret leaks through asset and risk management perspectives in order to maintain company competitiveness.