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  2. 理學院
  3. 化學系
Please use this identifier to cite or link to this item: http://tdr.lib.ntu.edu.tw/jspui/handle/123456789/62638
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dc.contributor.advisor張大釗(Ta-Chau Chang)
dc.contributor.authorYu-Ting Chuangen
dc.contributor.author莊翊廷zh_TW
dc.date.accessioned2021-06-16T16:06:13Z-
dc.date.available2015-06-21
dc.date.copyright2013-06-21
dc.date.issued2013
dc.date.submitted2013-06-18
dc.identifier.citation第八章 參考文獻
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dc.identifier.urihttp://tdr.lib.ntu.edu.tw/jspui/handle/123456789/62638-
dc.description.abstract富含鳥糞嘌呤 (G-rich) 序列可以藉由四個鳥糞嘌呤的鹼基經由Hoogsteen氫鍵可以形成一環狀的平面G-四方結構 (G-quartet),由於G-tract的數量與鹼基多寡為G-四股結構添增了結構多樣性,以Bcl2mid (d[5’-G3CGCG3AGAAG5CG3-3’]) 為例,少一個G-tract會影響G-四股結構的形成,若其中一個G-tract含有五個連續的G序列,則易形成多聚體。此外G-四股結構的檢測不能單靠CD圖,需要搭配其他的實驗結果加以驗證,凡經過驗證後的CD圖則進一步追蹤四股結構之變化。
過去實驗室以加熱超過Bcl2mid的解旋溫度的方式,觀察到G-四股結構由單體轉換到雙體的熱力學產物,因此我們想藉由銅離子誘導G-四股結構的展開與EDTA抑制銅離子作用達到重新摺疊的方法,在定溫下探討G-四股結構的轉換。且在稀釋溶液 (dilute solution) 、20% PEG和20% Ficoll的不同環境條件下進行檢測,進而比較Cu/EDTA與退火 (anneal) 所形成的主要G-四股結構差異。我們運用CD光譜、非變性聚丙烯醯胺電泳、乳液誘導過濾來簡化系統的複雜度和模擬分子擁擠環境等驗證方法,來分析短時間生理溫度的環境下摺疊所得到的產物,實驗結果顯示其結構是以動力學產物為主。不同於將退火過程所產生的熱力學產物,在37˚C下做檢測,更為貼近生理條件下的結構轉換,有利於設計小分子對於動力學產物的篩選,有助於穩定生理溫度下G-四股結構的方法,達到抑制癌細胞生長。
zh_TW
dc.description.abstractFour guanine bases are held together by Hoogsteen hydrogen bonds to form a square planar G-quartet. Two or more quartets may stack on top of each other to form a G-quadruplex. The presence of G-quadruplex plays a significant role in potentially leading to the shortening of chromosome ends in the cancer cells and regulating gene expression.
The number of G-tracts and the number of guanine bases in the G-tract gives a variety of structural morphology of G-quadruplex. For example, Bcl2mid (d[5’-G3CGCG3AGAAG5CG3-3’]). Missing a G-tract hinders the formation of G-quadruplex and preserving a G-tract with 5 consecutive guanine bases favors the formation of high order. Nevertheless, the most common apparatus for G-quadruplex examination, CD spectrum has been challenged for its reliability. Our experiment results show the inadequacy in G-quadruplex inspection for CD spectrum only while missing a G-tract; however, CD spectrum may apply on monitoring structural conversion of G-quadruplex once it has been confirmed on NMR spectrum. Previously our lab observed the structural conversion of Bcl2mid from a monomer to a thermodynamic product, dimer, upon heating above melting temperature; however, we would like to mimic the human body temperature and molecular crowding environment to study the possible structural conversion for Bcl2mid. We applied copper ion to induce the unfolding on G-quadruplex and EDTA2- chelates the copper ion to make random coil refolding back to G-quadruplex at a constant temperature. We have utilized CD, gel electrophoresis, emulsion induced filtration to study possible structural conversion. As a result, the kinetic product of G-quadruplex, monomer, in physiological temperature dominates in a short period of G-quadruplex refolding time. This finding may lead to a further studies on screening small molecules for the dominated G-quadruplex structure in the cells for the potential candidate of anti-cancer drugs.
en
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en
dc.description.tableofcontents目錄
口試委員會審定書…………………………………………………………………….i
致謝……………………………………………………………………. …………......ii
圖目錄…………………………………………………………………………...….....v
表目錄………………………………………………………………………………...vi
中文摘要………………………………………………………………………….….vii
英文摘要………………………………………………………………………….. ..viii
第一章 緒論
1.1 DNA複製過程……………………………………………………….……1
1.2 端粒與端粒酶………………………………….…..........................………1
1.3 G-四股結構………………………………………………..………….……2
1.4 Bcl-2……………………………..……………….………………………4
1.5 研究動機.……………………………………..……………………...…….7
第二章 實驗材料與方法
2.1 非變性聚丙烯醯胺電泳 (Polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, PAGE) ………………………………...……………..…………………….8
2.2 圓二色光譜 (circular dichroism, CD)………………….....….....................8
2.3 退火 (Anneal)……..………………..………………….…..........................9
2.4 測量DNA濃度…………………………………….….….........................10
2.5 BMVC與BMVC-2介紹………………………………............................10
2.6 單光子激發螢光生命期影像顯微技術 (Fluorescence Lifetime Image Microscopy, FLIM) ……………………...………....................................11
2.7 核磁共振光譜學 (Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy , NMR).…………………………………………....……..…......................13
2.8 乳液引導過濾 (Emulsion induced filtration)..………..............................13
第三章 Bcl2mid與變異序列
3.1 G-四股結構與變異序列的設計…………………….…......................…..14
3.2 Bcl2mid與變異序列的CD光譜……............................…………………14
3.3 Bcl2mid與變異序列的非變性聚丙烯醯胺電泳...............………………15
3.4 Bcl2mid與變異序列的NMR光譜…................................………………15
第四章 生理溫度下探討G-四股結構的摺疊與展開
4.1 可逆控制G-四股結構展開-摺疊機制……................…………………...23
4.2 Bcl2mid在生理條件下的主要G-四股結構…………..............................23
4.3 利用定溫的方式來探討 H22和Bcl2mid可逆控制G-四股展開與摺疊後的平衡差異................................................................................................24
4.4 以非變性聚丙烯醯胺電泳呈現Bcl2mid 退火時形成的多聚體在生理件
下解開與重新摺疊的變化…………………..…………………………..26
4.5 用乳液引導過濾純化Bcl2mid系統,並探討在不同溫度的調控下,利用可逆展開-摺疊控制反應控制其動力學產物與熱力學產物分佈的情況………………………….……….…………………………………....29
第五章 模擬細胞中的擁擠,在生理溫度下探討G-四股結構的摺疊與展開
5.1 用分子擁擠試劑(molecular crowding reagent)模擬細胞中的擁擠環境.31
5.2 用20% Ficoll 400做為分子擁擠試劑模擬細胞中的擁擠環境....……..31
5.3 用20% PEG 200做為分子擁擠試劑模擬細胞中的擁擠環境………..32
第六章 討論………………………………………………………………..………34
第七章 結論………………………………………………………………………..38
第八章 參考文獻…………………………………………………………………..40
圖目錄
圖 1-1 (A)DNA複製與引子移除。 (B) 端粒酶的作用。 (C) 螢光原位雜合法 (Fluorescent in situ hybridization) 。...........................................…………...2
圖 1-2 (A) G-四方結構 (G-quartet)。(B) d[5’-AG3(T2AG3)3-3’] (H22) 在鉀離子中X光晶體繞射所得的平行螺旋槳結構。(C) H22在鈉離子溶液中以NMR光譜分析得到反平行籃子型的G-四股結構。..................…………..3
圖 1-3 (A) 在基因組中可能形成G-四股結構的DNA區段與RNA區段。(B) 富含鳥糞嘌呤的啟動子區段也可以形成G-四股結構。 ...............................4
圖 1-4 (A) Bcl2 5’不轉譯區段中富含鳥糞嘌呤的39個核甘酸
d[5’-AG4CG3CGCG3AGGAAG5CG3AGCG4CTG-3’]和可形成穩定G-四股結構的序列。 (B) 上圖為Bcl2mid NMR圖譜,下圖為Bcl2M NMR圖譜。 (C) Bcl2M結構示意圖。....................................................................6
圖 2-1 (A) 3,6-bis (1-methyl-4-vinylpyridinium) carbazole diiodide (BMVC) 結構。(B) 3,6-bis (1-methyl-2-vinylpyridinium) carbazole diiodide (BMVC-2) 結構。................................................................................................................11
圖 2-2 (A) Bcl2mid在室溫加入150 mM K+進行可逆展開摺疊後所測得的膠體螢光生命期,藉由兩個指數進行配件。 (B) Bcl2-M2 150 mM K+所測得的膠體螢光生命期,藉由一個指數進行配件。......................................12
圖 3-1 Bcl2mid、Bcl2M、Bcl2-M1、Bcl2-M2和Bcl2-M-M1分別在150 mM
K+與5 mM K+的環境37°C 測得的CD光譜圖。.....................................17
圖 3-2 Bcl2mid、Bcl2M、Bcl2-M1、Bcl2-M2和Bcl2-M-M1在150 mM K+與5 mM K+的環境跑膠圖,分別以(A)紫外光顯影。 (B) BMVC-2後染螢光照相圖。………………………............................................................................19
圖 3-3 Bcl2mid變異序列NMR光譜圖。................................................................21
圖 4-1 Cu2+與鳥糞嘌呤的第七號氮作用,破壞由Hoogsteen氫鍵所形成的一環
狀的G-四方平面。.......................................................................................24
圖 4-2 定溫下 ( 37°C) 利用Cu2+和EDTA2-控制Bcl2mid的解開和摺疊。…....24
圖 4-3 Bcl2mid與H22在37°C的環境下分別解開再重新摺疊。.......................26
圖 4-4 Bcl2mid與Bcl2-M1在37°C的環境下分別解開再重新摺疊...................28
圖 4-5 (A) Bcl2mid在室溫加入150 mM K+ (B) Bcl2mid 150 mM K+退火,利用
EIF將多聚體過濾掉之後再進行Cu/EDTA實驗光譜圖。(C) BMVC-2螢
光照相圖。....................................................................................................30
圖 5-1 (A) Bcl2mid在室溫加入150 mM K+ 20% Ficoll cacodylate,進行Cu/EDTA實驗所得的紫外光顯影圖 (B) BMVC-2後染的螢光照相圖。…………………………………………………………………………33
圖 5-2 (A) Bcl2mid在室溫加入150 mM K+ 20% PEG cacodylate,進行Cu/EDTA實驗所得的紫外光顯影圖 (B) BMVC-2後染的螢光照相圖。................33
表目錄
表2-1本實驗所使用的溶劑表......................................................................................9
表2-2 DNA序列..........................................................................................................10
表3-1 Bcl2mid、Bcl2-M、Bcl2-M1、Bcl2-M2和Bcl2-M-M1在25°C 150 mM K+和5 mM K+的環境測得的CD光譜圖,統整是否有265 nm、280 nm和295 nm的特徵吸收。..............................................................................................18
表3-2由圖3-2 (B) 的BMVC-2後染膠測得Bcl2mid、Bcl2M、 Bcl2-M1、
Bcl2-M2和Bcl2-M-M1的膠體螢光生命週期 (n=3統計結果)。................20
表3-3 CD光譜、NMR光譜、非變性聚丙烯醯胺電泳和 BMVC-2膠體螢光生命
期150 mM K+與5mM K+的環境探討變異序列 (Bcl2-M1、Bcl2-M2和
Bcl2-M-M1) 的單體和多聚體。.....................................................................22
表4-1膠體螢光生命期是由圖4-4 (B) 所呈現的 BMVC-2後染膠上的A、B、C和D band所測得的H22打開和摺疊後的螢光生命期。...............................26
表4-2 膠體螢光生命期由圖4-5 (B) BMVC-2後染膠上標示的band所測得的
Bcl2mid展開和摺疊後的螢光生命期。..........................................................28
dc.language.isozh-TW
dc.subjectG-四股結構zh_TW
dc.subjectG-quadruplexen
dc.title定溫的方式探討Bcl2mid可逆控制G-四股展開與摺疊後的平衡差異zh_TW
dc.titleReversibly Manipulate Unfolding and Refolding of G-quadruplex at Set Temperature for Bcl2miden
dc.typeThesis
dc.date.schoolyear101-2
dc.description.degree碩士
dc.contributor.oralexamcommittee李弘文(Hung-Wen Li),徐尚德(Shang-Te Hsu)
dc.subject.keywordG-四股結構,zh_TW
dc.subject.keywordG-quadruplex,en
dc.relation.page42
dc.rights.note有償授權
dc.date.accepted2013-06-18
dc.contributor.author-college理學院zh_TW
dc.contributor.author-dept化學研究所zh_TW
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