都市公共自行車系統評鑑制度之研究

Abstract

近年來，為減緩全球暖化及能源短缺問題，世界許多城市積極推動非機動運具之使用，以打造綠色永續交通環境。其中公共自行車系統(Public Bicycle System)之推行即為全球帶動一股風潮，歐、美各主要大城市皆積極建置且卓有成效，而近五年來亞太各國如中國、日本、澳洲等亦積極發展公共自行車，系統規模甚至已超越歐美各國。 基於有越來越多的城市推廣公共自行車之成功案例，我國台北市、高雄市之系統建置亦迎頭趕上達到相當之規模，新北、新竹、台中、台南等城市亦逐步啟動示範與建置工作。在公共自行車發展、推動之過程中，除了汲取各城市之發展經驗，一套良好的自行車營運服務評鑑制度將有助於系統營運更快步上軌道，並可藉以瞭解完善公共自行車系統應具備之元素，營運者及決策者亦能據此檢視營運狀況與服務品質，同時能與各國系統進行相互交流比較，以提升整體系統功能，打造都市低碳生活文化。 本研究之目的即在建立一套能夠評估公共自行車服務的評鑑體系，研究中首先透過蒐集國內外公共自行車系統之營運特性與相關研究文獻，彙整出適用於都市公共自行車系統之評鑑指標；其次利用專家深度訪談檢視所提出評鑑指標之合理、完備與可操作性，並綜合專家學者意見，確立公共自行車系統評鑑之架構，包含「租賃站設置基礎條件」、「車輛設備設計與維護」、「系統營運與管理」、「使用者服務品質」等四大評估項目，並於評估項目下設置共15項指標。本研究進而採用「層級分析法」(Analytical Hierarchy Process, AHP)決定評估權重，並參考各類客運服務業評鑑制度，設計本評鑑制度之執行程序與調查方法。最後，本研究亦藉由實際在台北市、高雄市以及中國杭州市與加拿大蒙特婁市之公共自行車系統驗證評鑑方法的可操作性與實用性。本研究建立之評鑑方法以及應用成果，對於公共自行車系統之規劃以及現有系統之服務提升均有正面助益。

In recent years, facing challenges of global warming and energy shortages, many cities around the world are actively promoting the use of non-motorized modes to build a green transport and sustainable environment. The implementation of public bicycle system (PBS) is therefore developed while the major cities in Europe and North America are actively implementing PBS. In the past five years, Asia-Pacific countries such as China, Japan, Australia, are also actively developing PBS and their scales have even beyond those in Europe and the United States. As more and more cities are promoting PBS successfully, the system implementation in Taipei and Kaohsiung has also reached a considerable scale while New Taipei City, HsinChu, Taichung and Tainan have also initiated their PBS. It has been recognized that lessons of PBS in various cities and an effective evaluation scheme are crucial for facilitating the implementation of successful PBS. Through the establishment of evaluation scheme, we can identify the important elements of the PBS while operators and decision-makers can also assess the operation performance and service quality of PBS. This research aims to develop the evaluation scheme for PBS in urban area. It first collects and compares operating characteristics of PBS in selected cities around the world and conducts a literature review on the evaluation indicators for urban PBS. Then the study evaluates the recommendations of panel experts to determine the most appropriate evaluation framework and indicators. This research finally comes out an evaluation scheme with 4 categories and 15 indicators based on representativeness and applicability. The “Analytical Hierarchy Process” is adopted to evaluate the weights of these indicators. Case studies for four cities are also conducted to verify the operability and applicability of the evaluation scheme.